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Los trastornos por uso de sustancias exhiben asociaciones genéticas únicas y específicas del trastorno con la
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
Los factores genéticos vinculan los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) con los comportamientos externalizantes e internalizantes. La incorporación del riesgo genético internalizante es crucial para los esfuerzos de prevención e identificación de TUS.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética Psiquiátrica
- Genética Conductual
- Neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) son altamente heredables y comparten influencias genéticas con la psicopatología externalizante e internalizante.
- La investigación previa se ha centrado en la superposición genética entre los TUS y los trastornos externalizantes, a menudo descuidando la contribución de los trastornos internalizantes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar de manera integral las relaciones genéticas entre los TUS, la psicopatología externalizante y la psicopatología internalizante.
- Investigar hasta qué punto los rasgos internalizantes contribuyen a la arquitectura genética de los TUS, independientemente de los rasgos externalizantes.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron estadísticas resumidas del estudio de asociación de genoma completo (GWAS) de poblaciones de ascendencia europea y africana.
- Se emplearon análisis de correlación genética (ómnibus, parcial, local), modelos de causalidad genética y análisis de puntuaciones poligénicas (PGS).
- Se examinó la varianza residual en los TUS después de tener en cuenta los efectos genéticos compartidos con la psicopatología externalizante e internalizante utilizando Genomic SEM.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró una superposición genética significativa entre la psicopatología externalizante y todos los TUS, y una superposición notable, aunque menor, con la psicopatología internalizante.
- Los rasgos internalizantes siguieron siendo correlatos genéticos significativos de la mayoría de los TUS incluso después de controlar las influencias genéticas externalizantes.
- El trastorno por uso de tabaco (TUT) mostró la asociación genética más débil con ambos espectros de psicopatología, mientras que el trastorno por uso de opioides (TUO) estuvo más fuertemente relacionado con los rasgos internalizantes.
Conclusiones:
- Los factores genéticos compartidos contribuyen a la comorbilidad entre los TUS y los trastornos internalizantes.
- El riesgo genético de los trastornos internalizantes debe integrarse en las estrategias de identificación y prevención de TUS.
- Los futuros estudios genéticos de TUS deben considerar tanto la psicopatología externalizante como la internalizante para dilucidar completamente su arquitectura genética.
Palabras clave:
genéticatrastornos por uso de sustanciaspsicopatologíaexternalizanteinternalizantecomorbilidadheredabilidadpoligénicoMás Videos Relacionados
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