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¿Más es mejor? El efecto no lineal de la carga de trabajo en el bienestar laboral
Juan Liang1, Wenxin Zhou1, Bibo Xu1
1Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
El bienestar laboral no es óptimo con cargas de trabajo moderadas. En cambio, el bienestar disminuye a medida que la carga de trabajo aumenta de baja a moderada, y luego aumenta de moderada a alta, lo que sugiere una relación positiva en forma de U.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Organizacional
- Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional
Sus antecedentes:
- La investigación previa sobre la carga de trabajo y el bienestar laboral probó principalmente relaciones lineales.
- El nivel de carga de trabajo óptimo para el bienestar de los empleados no está claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la carga de trabajo y el bienestar laboral utilizando un modelo no lineal.
- Examinar el papel mediador de la motivación autónoma en esta relación.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron dos estudios con empleados (N=324 y N=152).
- El Estudio 1 utilizó un diseño de encuesta transversal, mientras que el Estudio 2 empleó la metodología de muestreo de experiencias.
- Los datos se analizaron utilizando técnicas analíticas no lineales y análisis de mediación.
Principales resultados:
- Ambos estudios revelaron una curva positiva en forma de U, contraria a la forma de U invertida hipotetizada.
- El bienestar laboral disminuyó con cargas de trabajo de bajas a moderadas.
- El bienestar laboral aumentó con cargas de trabajo de moderadas a altas.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos sugieren que las cargas de trabajo moderadas, que pueden aumentarse, pueden ser más beneficiosas que comenzar con cargas de trabajo bajas.
- La motivación autónoma desempeñó un papel mediador en el Estudio 1 pero no en el Estudio 2.
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