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¿Más es mejor? El efecto no lineal de la carga de trabajo en el bienestar laboral

Juan Liang¹, Wenxin Zhou¹, Bibo Xu¹

¹Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Frontiers in psychology

|February 6, 2026

Abstracto

Introduction:

It is unclear what level of workload is best for workplace well-being, in part because researchers have only tested linear relationships. We tested an inverted U-shaped model in which workplace well-being is optimal at a moderate level of workload. The mediation effect of autonomous motivation were also tested.

Methods:

We conducted two studies with employees. Study 1 (N = 324) used a cross-sectional survey design and was analyzed using SPSS20.0. Study 2 (N = 152) used experience sampling methodology and was analyzed using Mplus8.3. The data were analyzed using non-linear analytical techniques and mediation analyses conducted with the PROCESS macro.

Results:

The data were analyzed using non-linear analytical techniques and mediation analyses conducted with the PROCESS macro. The results of both studies showed a U-shaped curve, but contrary to expectations, the curve was positive rather than inverted: an increase in workload from low to moderate was associated with decreased workplace well-being, but an increase in workload from moderate to high was associated with increased workplace well-being. The mediation effect of autonomous motivation emerged in study 1, but not Study 2.

Discussion:

These results suggest that employees should be given a moderate workload that can be increased, rather than starting with a low workload.

Palabras clave:

motivación autónoma metodología de muestreo de experiencias (ESM)efectos no lineales carga de trabajo bienestar laboral

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