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Consentimiento informado en endoscopia: ¿Leído, comprendido o simplemente firmado?

Ana Catarina Carvalho1, Ricardo Cardoso1, Hugo Marcelo Vieira2

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|February 6, 2026
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Resumen

La mayoría de los pacientes no leen ni comprenden adecuadamente los formularios de consentimiento informado para endoscopia gastrointestinal, a pesar de recibirlos. Se necesitan nuevas estrategias para mejorar la comprensión y la participación del paciente en el proceso de consentimiento informado.

Palabras clave:
consentimiento informadoendoscopia gastrointestinalcomprensión del pacienteeducación del pacienteética médica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gastroenterología; Ética Médica; Educación del Paciente

Sus antecedentes:

  • El consentimiento informado es obligatorio para la endoscopia gastrointestinal (GI).; La estandarización de los documentos de consentimiento informado y la garantía de la comprensión del paciente siguen siendo un desafío.; A menudo se desconoce hasta qué punto los pacientes leen y comprenden la información proporcionada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la lectura y comprensión por parte del paciente de los formularios de consentimiento informado y los folletos informativos para endoscopia gastrointestinal.; Evaluar la efectividad de la información enviada por correo y las instrucciones específicas.; Identificar los factores que influyen en la comprensión del consentimiento informado por parte del paciente.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio observacional prospectivo de un solo centro realizado de abril de 2021 a abril de 2022.; Se incluyeron pacientes adultos sometidos a endoscopia esofagogastroduodenal (EGD) y colonoscopia electiva ambulatoria.; Se evaluó la comprensión del consentimiento informado a través de la firma del paciente, la cumplimentación de un cuestionario y una tarea de instrucción de texto después del envío por correo de los documentos.

Principales resultados:

  • Participaron 232 pacientes (50.6% hombres, edad media 63.8 años).; El 86.6% informó haber leído el formulario, pero solo el 24.6% demostró una lectura y comprensión adecuadas.; No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la lectura adecuada y las variables demográficas o educativas.

Conclusiones:

  • A pesar de la entrega oportuna de información, la mayoría de los pacientes no leen ni comprenden adecuadamente los documentos de consentimiento para endoscopia gastrointestinal.; Se requieren estrategias novedosas para mejorar la participación del paciente en la toma de decisiones.; La mejora de los procesos de consentimiento informado puede fortalecer la relación médico-paciente.