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Entrenamiento bajo competencia atencional produce sesgos persistentes en la apariencia visual
ArXiv
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
Aprender a enfocar la atención durante la competencia sensorial cambia permanentemente la percepción visual. El entrenamiento altera el contraste percibido, demostrando una recalibración de la apariencia subjetiva, no solo una mejora en la discriminación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psicología Cognitiva
- Percepción Visual
Sus antecedentes:
- La atención selectiva puede modificar temporalmente la percepción visual.
- Aún no está claro si estos efectos atencionales sobre la apariencia pueden ser aprendidos y convertirse en duraderos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si el entrenamiento de la atención bajo condiciones de competencia sensorial conduce a cambios duraderos en el contraste visual percibido.
- Determinar si dicho entrenamiento recalibra la apariencia visual subjetiva.
Principales métodos:
- Los participantes se sometieron a siete días de entrenamiento en una tarea de orientación.
- El entrenamiento implicó una ubicación de objetivo fija con un distractor saliente (competencia sensorial) o sin distractor.
- El contraste percibido se midió utilizando el punto de igualdad subjetiva (PSE) antes y después del entrenamiento.
Principales resultados:
- El entrenamiento bajo competencia sensorial indujo un cambio de "empuje y atracción" en el contraste percibido.
- Los estímulos en la ubicación entrenada parecieron tener un mayor contraste, mientras que los estímulos en la ubicación no entrenada parecieron tener un menor contraste.
- El entrenamiento sin distractores mejoró el rendimiento de la tarea pero no alteró el contraste percibido.
Conclusiones:
- La resolución de la competencia sensorial a través del entrenamiento de la atención conduce a una recalibración duradera de la apariencia visual subjetiva.
- Estos efectos aprendidos sobre la percepción son robustos, se generalizan a nuevos estímulos y no se deben únicamente a mejoras en el sesgo de respuesta.
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