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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Structural Protein Function01:56

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
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Un marco computacional de código abierto para modelado de interacción fluido-estructura inmersa utilizando FEBio y

Ryan T Black, Steve A Maas, Wensi Wu

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    Este estudio presenta un marco inmerso de interacción fluido-estructura (FSI) de código abierto, que acopla MFEM y FEBio para simulaciones biomecánicas avanzadas. Permite la computación de alto rendimiento para problemas complejos como la dinámica de las válvulas cardíacas.

    Palabras clave:
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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Mecánica computacional
    • Biomecánica
    • Computación de alto rendimiento

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las simulaciones de interacción fluido-estructura (FSI) en biología enfrentan obstáculos computacionales, especialmente con grandes deformaciones y contacto.
    • Los métodos tradicionales de Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) luchan con la distorsión de la malla en escenarios complejos de FSI.
    • Los métodos inmersos ofrecen una alternativa prometedora para superar las limitaciones relacionadas con la malla en FSI.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Presentar un nuevo marco inmerso de FSI de código abierto.
    • Acoplar las bibliotecas de elementos finitos MFEM y FEBio para simulaciones biomecánicas mejoradas.
    • Proporcionar una solución de computación de alto rendimiento para problemas complejos de FSI en sistemas biológicos.

    Principales métodos:

    • Desarrolló un marco inmerso de FSI acoplando MFEM (preparado para GPU, paralelo) y FEBio (mecánica de sólidos no lineal).
    • Empleó una metodología de dominio ficticio con estabilización multiescala variacional para la precisión en rejillas sub-resueltas.
    • Utilizó un esquema monolítico totalmente implícito para el acoplamiento robusto de FSI fuertemente acoplados.

    Principales resultados:

    • El marco aprovecha el rendimiento paralelo y la aceleración de GPU de MFEM para la dinámica de fluidos.
    • Integra los modelos constitutivos avanzados de FEBio para sólidos hiperelásticos y viscoelásticos.
    • Demostró capacidades a través de problemas de prueba, incluida una simulación de válvula cardíaca semilunar en 3D.

    Conclusiones:

    • El marco desarrollado aborda la necesidad de software inmerso de FSI de código abierto.
    • Combina modelos avanzados de biomecánica con capacidades de computación de alto rendimiento.
    • Ofrece una plataforma robusta y extensible para simular interacciones complejas fluido-estructura en sistemas biológicos.