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Inseguridad alimentaria post-desastre: el huracán María como caso de estudio
Jill Mark1, David de Angel Sola2, Nicolas Rosario-Matos3
1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
The journal of climate change and health
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La inseguridad alimentaria post-desastre, a menudo repentina y temporal, difiere de las formas crónicas. Comprender sus causas y duración únicas es crucial para la ayuda eficaz y la mitigación de riesgos para la salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Respuesta y recuperación ante desastres; Salud pública y nutrición; Sociología de los sistemas alimentarios
Sus antecedentes:
- La inseguridad alimentaria se considera típicamente un problema crónico ligado a los ingresos.
- La inseguridad alimentaria post-desastre presenta desafíos únicos con un inicio repentino y una duración temporal.
- La falta de una definición específica dificulta la recopilación de datos y el desarrollo de intervenciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las características de la inseguridad alimentaria en un entorno post-desastre.
- Evaluar el estado, la duración y las causas de la inseguridad alimentaria después del huracán María en Puerto Rico.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio piloto de encuesta con 22 participantes en Puerto Rico.
- El estudio evaluó el estado de inseguridad alimentaria autoinformado, la duración y los factores contribuyentes.
Principales resultados:
- Más del 50% de los encuestados experimentaron inseguridad alimentaria después del huracán María.
- Las personas con inseguridad alimentaria informaron duraciones más largas de escasez de alimentos en más grupos de alimentos.
- Las causas clave incluyeron el cierre de supermercados y la escasez de existencias, lo que resalta las interrupciones en la cadena de suministro.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesitan definiciones y evaluaciones refinadas para capturar la naturaleza temporal y compleja de la inseguridad alimentaria post-desastre.
- Abordar estos matices es vital para mitigar los riesgos para la salud, especialmente a medida que el cambio climático aumenta la frecuencia y la gravedad de los desastres.
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