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Respuestas locales y sistémicas del huésped a la gripe y a la infección concurrente o secuencial por SARS-CoV-2

Tong Zhu¹, Liying Wang², Chaoying Yan¹

¹Department of Neonatology and Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

|February 6, 2026

Resumen

La coinfección con influenza y SARS-CoV-2 empeora la lesión pulmonar y la inflamación. Comprender estos mecanismos es clave para una mejor prevención y tratamiento de estas infecciones respiratorias.

Área de la Ciencia:

Enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias
Virología
Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

El virus de la influenza ha circulado durante más de un siglo, mientras que el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) surgió en diciembre de 2019.
El SARS-CoV-2 está pasando de ser una pandemia a ser endémico, lo que indica una coexistencia humana a largo plazo.
Se ha observado que la coinfección con influenza y SARS-CoV-2 empeora los resultados de los pacientes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar el impacto de la coinfección por influenza y SARS-CoV-2.
Esclarecer los mecanismos subyacentes a la patología y la inflamación exacerbadas.
Informar sobre la mejora de las estrategias de prevención y manejo clínico.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de observaciones clínicas y estudios mecanísticos.
Análisis de las respuestas patológicas e inmunológicas en la coinfección.
Síntesis de la comprensión actual de las interacciones huésped-patógeno.

Principales resultados:

La coinfección exacerba la patología pulmonar.
La coinfección intensifica la inflamación sistémica.
Los mecanismos implican interacciones complejas entre ambos virus y el sistema inmunitario del huésped.

Conclusiones:

La coinfección por influenza y SARS-CoV-2 aumenta significativamente la gravedad de la enfermedad.
Es crucial investigar más a fondo los mecanismos subyacentes.
Se necesitan estrategias mejoradas de prevención y manejo clínico.

Palabras clave:

SARS-CoV-2 infección influenza virus de la influenza lesión pulmonar respuesta sistémica

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