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Impacto de diversos enfoques de inactivación en partículas proteicas sustitutas para misiones de retorno de muestras
Aspen L Hirsch1, Emily P Seto2, Wayne W Schubert3
1School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Astrobiology
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
El retorno de muestras de Marte requiere una esterilización robusta. Los priones de levadura, agentes biológicos robustos, se probaron contra métodos de esterilización. La irradiación ultravioleta C (UVC) mostró promesa para la esterilización en misiones planetarias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia Planetaria; Microbiología; Bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las misiones de retorno de muestras de Marte son una prioridad para la ciencia planetaria.
- Las técnicas de esterilización son cruciales para prevenir la contaminación de la biosfera terrestre por vida extraterrestre potencial.
- Los priones, partículas proteicas auto-sembradoras, se encuentran entre los agentes biológicos más robustos de la Tierra.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de diversas técnicas de esterilización contra la actividad priónica.
- Identificar indicadores biológicos robustos para protocolos de protección planetaria.
- Evaluar el potencial de la irradiación ultravioleta C (UVC) para la esterilización en vuelo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron derivados de proteínas priónicas de levadura (Sup35 y Ure2) como indicadores biológicos.
- Se expusieron priones a diversos métodos de esterilización, incluyendo calor seco, peróxido de hidrógeno vaporizado, irradiación gamma y plasma.
- Se investigó el impacto de la irradiación ultravioleta C (UVC) a 260-270 nm en la detección y actividad biológica de los priones.
Principales resultados:
- El calor seco prolongado (200 °C), el peróxido de hidrógeno vaporizado, la irradiación gamma (100 kGy) y el plasma de He/agua no eliminaron la actividad priónica de levadura.
- La irradiación ultravioleta C (UVC) (260-270 nm) durante 16-24 días eliminó la detección del prión Ure2 y su actividad.
- La irradiación UVC prolongada eliminó la detección del prión Sup35 y redujo, pero no eliminó, su actividad biológica.
Conclusiones:
- Los métodos de esterilización estándar son insuficientes para inactivar agentes biológicos robustos como los priones de levadura.
- La irradiación ultravioleta C (UVC) demuestra potencial como componente crítico para la esterilización en vuelo en misiones planetarias.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre los parámetros de UVC para una protección planetaria eficaz durante las misiones de retorno de muestras.
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