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Barreras en la implementación del programa de prevención del cáncer en el noreste de la India: un estudio de caso de
Fellicita Pohsnem1, Melari Shisha Nongrum1, Rajiv Sarkar1
1Indian Institute for Public Health Shillong, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
The Indian journal of medical research
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
Los esfuerzos de prevención del cáncer en Meghalaya enfrentan barreras significativas, incluidos recursos inadecuados y brechas de comunicación. Abordar estos problemas es crucial para mejorar el control del cáncer dentro del Programa Nacional para la Prevención y el Control del Cáncer, la Diabetes, las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y el Accidente Cerebrovascular (NPCDCS).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública; Oncología; Investigación de Servicios de Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- India enfrenta una carga sustancial de cáncer, con la incidencia más alta en la región noreste.
- El Programa Nacional para la Prevención y el Control del Cáncer, la Diabetes, las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y el Accidente Cerebrovascular (NPCDCS) se lanzó en 2010, pero enfrentó una implementación retrasada en Meghalaya.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar los facilitadores y las barreras para la implementación de la prevención del cáncer en Meghalaya.
- Analizar la efectividad del marco NPCDCS en la región.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio cualitativo que involucró a 56 profesionales de la salud y trabajadores de la salud de primera línea.
- Recopilación de datos a través de 20 entrevistas en profundidad y 4 discusiones de grupos focales.
- Análisis utilizando una estrategia de codificación híbrida y el software NVivo-12.
Principales resultados:
- La hipertensión y la diabetes recibieron prioridad sobre las actividades de prevención del cáncer. Las barreras incluyeron materiales insuficientes de IEC, falta de suministros de detección (ácido acético) y preocupaciones sobre la privacidad. Se identificaron brechas de comunicación, capacitación inadecuada, baja conciencia comunitaria y preferencia por los curanderos tradicionales.
Conclusiones:
- La alta incidencia de cáncer en Meghalaya requiere mejoras urgentes en las estrategias de prevención del cáncer.
- Abordar las barreras identificadas es fundamental para la implementación eficiente del NPCDCS y el control del cáncer.
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