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Proteínas Bcl-2 de Poxvirus: manipuladores multifuncionales de la célula huésped

Summer Smyth¹, Jianing Dong¹, Grace Melvie¹

¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, and Striving for Pandemic Preparedness - The Alberta Research Consortium (SPP-ARC), 6-020 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.

Biochemical Society transactions

|February 6, 2026

Resumen

Las proteínas Bcl-2 del virus de la viruela (Bcl-2), estructuralmente similares a las proteínas antiapoptóticas del huésped, tienen diversas funciones más allá de la inhibición de la muerte celular. Estas proteínas virales modulan la activación del inflamasoma y la señalización del factor regulador del interferón (IRF), lo que ayuda a la replicación viral.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología
Biología Molecular
Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

Los poxvirus son virus grandes de ADN de doble cadena que codifican más de 200 proteínas.
Las proteínas del virus de la viruela, tipo B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), están presentes en la mayoría de los poxvirus que infectan a los vertebrados (Chordopoxvirinae).
Estas proteínas virales comparten similitudes estructurales con las proteínas celulares antiapoptóticas Bcl-2, pero carecen de identidad de secuencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los hallazgos recientes y las ideas mecanicistas sobre las diversas funciones de las proteínas Bcl-2 de poxvirus.
Destacar sus roles más allá de la inhibición de la apoptosis.
Discutir su impacto en los mecanismos de defensa antiviral del huésped.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de estudios existentes sobre proteínas Bcl-2 de poxvirus.
Análisis de similitudes estructurales y datos funcionales.
Discusión de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en las interacciones huésped-patógeno.

Principales resultados:

Las proteínas Bcl-2 de poxvirus modulan la activación de la inflammasoma de proteínas que contienen dominio de unión a nucleótidos y repetición rica en leucina y dominio de pirina (NLRP).
Estas proteínas inhiben la señalización antiviral regulada por el factor regulador del interferón 3 y 7 (IRF3/7).
Las proteínas Bcl-2 de poxvirus interfieren con las ubiquitina-ligasas de la familia TRIM celular para promover la replicación viral.

Conclusiones:

Las proteínas Bcl-2 de poxvirus tienen roles multifacéticos en la patogénesis viral.
Son efectores clave en la subversión de la inmunidad innata del huésped, incluidas las vías de la inflammasoma y del interferón.
La comprensión de estas funciones proporciona información sobre las estrategias de replicación de los poxvirus y posibles objetivos terapéuticos.

Palabras clave:

Proteínas Bcl-2 Proteínas TRIM interacciones huésped-patógeno inflamasoma factores reguladores del interferón poxvirus

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