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Validación Clínica de la Escala de Evaluación Conductual de la Demencia Frontotemporal: Un Estudio Piloto
Juliana Monção1, Letícia Tanure Diniz1, Aldrin Pedroza Martins2
1Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
Una nueva escala, la Escala de Evaluación Conductual de la Demencia Frontotemporal (BES-FTD), distingue eficazmente la demencia frontotemporal de variante conductual (DFTk) de la enfermedad de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en América Latina. Esta herramienta muestra una mayor precisión y especificidad que las medidas existentes para el diagnóstico de DFTk.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Psiquiatría
- Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las demencias se presentan con síntomas conductuales junto con déficits cognitivos, lo que complica el diagnóstico diferencial entre afecciones como la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y la demencia frontotemporal de variante conductual (DFTk).
- La falta de instrumentos de diagnóstico adaptados culturalmente en regiones de habla no inglesa dificulta la evaluación precisa de los cambios conductuales en pacientes con demencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y validar la Escala de Evaluación Conductual de la Demencia Frontotemporal (BES-FTD), un nuevo instrumento de puntuación adaptado al contexto latinoamericano.
- Evaluar la precisión de la BES-FTD en la diferenciación de la demencia frontotemporal de variante conductual (DFTk) de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
Principales métodos:
- Se administraron la BES-FTD y el Cambridge Behavioral Inventory-Revised (CBI-R) a participantes con probable DFTk, probable EA y controles sanos.
- Se evaluó la precisión diagnóstica mediante el análisis de la curva característica de operación del receptor (ROC).
- El estudio incluyó a 86 participantes (26 DFTk, 16 EA, 44 controles) emparejados por edad, sexo y nivel educativo, con una gravedad similar de la enfermedad entre los grupos de EA y DFTk.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con DFTk exhibieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas tanto en BES-FTD como en CBI-R en comparación con los grupos de control y EA, lo que indica alteraciones conductuales más pronunciadas.
- El análisis ROC reveló un área bajo la curva de 0.86 para BES-FTD, en comparación con 0.58 para CBI-R.
- La BES-FTD demostró una mayor especificidad (93.7%) que la CBI-R (81.2%) para distinguir entre los subtipos de demencia.
Conclusiones:
- La BES-FTD exhibe una precisión diagnóstica superior en comparación con la CBI-R para diferenciar la DFTk de la EA, lo que resalta su utilidad clínica.
- La BES-FTD es una herramienta valiosa para evaluar los cambios conductuales en la DFTk en el contexto latinoamericano.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación para validar estos hallazgos en poblaciones más amplias.
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