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Eliminación Sostenible de PFAS de Aguas Residuales Electrónicas a Través de un Marco de Compensación Costo-Salud
Bingzheng Wang1, Fengqi You1,2,3,4
1College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La industria electrónica enfrenta riesgos significativos de perfluoroalquiladas y polifluoroalquiladas (PFAS) en las aguas residuales. El tratamiento de las emisiones de PFAS para 2035 podría costar miles de millones, pero es vital para la protección de la salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Ambientales
- Salud Pública
- Ingeniería Química
Sus antecedentes:
- El rápido crecimiento de la fabricación de productos electrónicos y semiconductores genera emisiones de sustancias perfluoroalquiladas y polifluoroalquiladas (PFAS).
- Los PFAS en las aguas residuales presentan riesgos significativos para la salud humana y cargas ambientales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar el primer análisis de compensación entre los costos de tratamiento de aguas residuales de PFAS y los beneficios para la salud en los sectores de electrónica y semiconductores.
- Comparar estos costos de tratamiento con los valores de mercado y evaluar las implicaciones económicas.
Principales métodos:
- Proyección de los volúmenes de descarga de PFAS y las unidades de toxicidad humana asociadas (CTUh) para 2035.
- Estimación de los costos anuales de inversión para tratamientos con carbón activado granular (GAC), resina de intercambio iónico (IER) y membranas de ósmosis inversa (RO).
- Análisis de las variaciones en el rendimiento de la ruptura y su impacto en las cargas económicas y ambientales.
Principales resultados:
- Para 2035, se prevé una descarga anual de aguas residuales de PFAS de 4,4 a 10,9 kilotoneladas, con un estimado de 25 a 103 millones de CTUh de toxicidad humana sin tratamiento.
- Los costos anuales de tratamiento se estiman en $16.5-50.0 mil millones, lo que representa aproximadamente el 0,5% del valor del mercado electrónico para la IER.
- Los PFAS de cadena corta en las aguas residuales electrónicas limitan la eficiencia de eliminación, lo que amplifica las cargas económicas y ambientales.
Conclusiones:
- La cuantificación del nexo costo-salud de los PFAS en la fabricación de productos electrónicos proporciona información procesable para la gobernanza.
- Se necesitan esfuerzos urgentes y coordinados a nivel mundial para equilibrar el crecimiento industrial con la protección del medio ambiente y la salud pública.
- La gestión eficaz de las aguas residuales de PFAS es crucial para el avance tecnológico sostenible.
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