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Síndrome Autoinmune Múltiple de Inicio Pediátrico: Presentación de esta rara entidad en 2 pacientes pediátricos
Evangelia Bechlivani1,2, Konstantinos Notas3, Efterpi Pavlidou4
1Department of Pediatric Neurology in Agios Loukas clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Journal of child neurology
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
El síndrome autoinmune múltiple (SAM) es raro en niños, pero puede ocurrir con la esclerosis múltiple de inicio pediátrico (EMP). Los factores de riesgo compartidos como HLA-DRB1*15:01, el virus de Epstein-Barr y la deficiencia de vitamina D pueden vincular estas afecciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades autoinmunes pediátricas
- Neuroinmunología
- Factores genéticos y ambientales en la autoinmunidad
Sus antecedentes:
- El síndrome autoinmune múltiple (SAM) implica tres o más trastornos autoinmunes.
- La esclerosis múltiple de inicio pediátrico (EMP) es una enfermedad rara pero reconocida mediada por el sistema inmunitario en niños.
- La coexistencia de SAM y EMP en poblaciones pediátricas no está bien documentada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir dos casos pediátricos de SAM asociados con EMP.
- Identificar posibles factores de riesgo inmunogenéticos y ambientales compartidos en estos casos.
- Enfatizar la importancia de reconocer la EMP dentro de un contexto autoinmune más amplio.
Principales métodos:
- Reporte de caso de dos pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con SAM y EMP.
- Revisión de historiales clínicos, presentaciones clínicas y hallazgos de laboratorio de los pacientes.
- Análisis de marcadores genéticos (HLA-DRB1*15:01), serología viral (virus de Epstein-Barr) y niveles de vitamina D.
Principales resultados:
- Ambos pacientes cumplieron los criterios de SAM, coexistiendo la EMP con diabetes mellitus tipo 1/tiroiditis autoinmune o artritis reumatoide/tiroiditis autoinmune.
- Ambos pacientes fueron positivos para HLA-DRB1*15:01 y anticuerpos IgG contra el virus de Epstein-Barr.
- Se observó deficiencia severa de vitamina D en ambos casos, lo que sugiere factores de riesgo comunes.
Conclusiones:
- La esclerosis múltiple de inicio pediátrico puede ser parte de una diátesis autoinmune sistémica.
- Factores inmunogenéticos (HLA-DRB1*15:01) y ambientales (virus de Epstein-Barr, deficiencia de vitamina D) compartidos pueden contribuir al SAM en la EMP.
- El diagnóstico temprano, la detección y la atención multidisciplinaria son cruciales para el manejo de pacientes pediátricos con EMP y SAM.
Palabras clave:
enfermedades autoinmunes comórbidassíndrome autoinmune múltipleneuroinmunología pediátricaneurología pediátricaesclerosis múltiple de inicio pediátricoMás Videos Relacionados
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