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Bioelementos circulantes y su asociación con el deterioro cognitivo

Masroor Anwar1, Javed A Qadri2, Mohd Suhail Ashar1

  • 1Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La contaminación ambiental ha aumentado los niveles de bioelementos en pacientes indios con deterioro cognitivo (CI). Ocho elementos, incluidos el litio (Li) y el aluminio (Al), se elevaron significativamente en individuos con CI, lo que sugiere un posible vínculo con la neurotoxicidad y la detección temprana de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de AlzheimerBioelementosDeterioro cognitivoICP-MSNeurodegeneraciónNeurotoxicidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Ambientales y Toxicología
  • Neurociencia y Neurología
  • Química Analítica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La rápida industrialización y urbanización en la India han provocado un aumento de la contaminación ambiental por bioelementos.
  • Los desequilibrios en las concentraciones de bioelementos en sangre pueden alterar la homeostasis y causar efectos neurodegenerativos.
  • Existen datos limitados sobre la asociación entre los bioelementos y el declive cognitivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Realizar un perfil cuantitativo de los bioelementos circulantes en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo (CI).
  • Investigar la asociación entre las concentraciones de bioelementos específicos y el deterioro cognitivo.

Principales métodos:

  • Cuantificación de 19 elementos en 65 participantes mediante espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS).
  • Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas y funcionales integrales para evaluar las capacidades cognitivas.
  • Comparación de los niveles de bioelementos entre pacientes con CI y grupos de control.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron aumentos significativos en ocho elementos (Li, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag) en pacientes con CI en comparación con los controles.
  • Los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo tuvieron una puntuación significativamente menor en el Mini-Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE) (13,77 ± 0,99) que los controles (27,78 ± 0,36).
  • Se cuantificaron concentraciones elevadas de Li, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn y Ag en pacientes con CI.

Conclusiones:

  • Los bioelementos estudiados (Li, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag) pueden formar una firma distintiva en pacientes con CI.
  • La detección de estas firmas de bioelementos en personas mayores podría ayudar en el manejo temprano de la neurotoxicidad inducida por elementos.
  • Esta investigación destaca un biomarcador potencial para la identificación temprana y la intervención en el declive cognitivo.