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Atención Materna Continua de Enfermedades Bucales desde la Preconcepción hasta la Lactancia
Qi-Yun Yin1, Jia Liang1, Fang Wang2
1Center for Cariology, Endodontics and Periodontics, Optical Valley Branch, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Journal of dentistry
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La atención bucal estandarizada para mujeres embarazadas es crucial. Los tratamientos dentales seguros, incluidos los exámenes preconcepcionales y los procedimientos del segundo trimestre, protegen la salud materna y fetal de las enfermedades bucales relacionadas con el embarazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología
- Salud Pública Dental
- Medicina Perinatal
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente prevalencia de enfermedades bucales relacionadas con el embarazo requiere protocolos de atención estandarizados.
- La atención bucal preconcepcional a lactancia existente carece de pautas universales.
- La salud bucal impacta significativamente el bienestar materno y fetal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar estrategias de atención bucal basadas en evidencia para mujeres durante el período desde la preconcepción hasta la lactancia.
- Identificar pautas clínicas seguras y efectivas para el manejo de enfermedades bucales en mujeres embarazadas.
- Analizar la relación entre la salud bucal perinatal y los resultados adversos del embarazo.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda exhaustiva de literatura en PubMed y Web of Science hasta diciembre de 2025.
- Las palabras clave incluyeron términos de enfermedades orales/dentales, 'perinatal' y 'embarazo'.
- Análisis de los hallazgos sobre enfermedades bucales comunes y su manejo durante el embarazo.
Principales resultados:
- Las enfermedades bucales comunes incluyen infecciones periodontales, caries y pericoronitis.
- La periodontitis y la pulpitis se relacionan con resultados adversos del embarazo.
- El segundo trimestre es óptimo para procedimientos dentales electivos; las imágenes y los medicamentos deben ser de bajo riesgo.
Conclusiones:
- El manejo efectivo de las enfermedades bucales perinatales requiere la adhesión a los principios de seguridad, necesidad y comodidad.
- La detección preconcepcional, el diagnóstico seguro y la atención prenatal preventiva son vitales.
- Priorizar las intervenciones de bajo riesgo salvaguarda la salud tanto materna como fetal.
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