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Coccidiosis bovina: Estudio retrospectivo en Argentina Central
E J Vilatuña1, G Cantón1, M F Ovelar1
1Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (INTA EEA Balcarce-CONICET), RN 226 Km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La coccidiosis bovina, una enfermedad gastrointestinal parasitaria, afecta frecuentemente a los terneros en Argentina, a menudo relacionada con el manejo estresante. Este estudio destaca su prevalencia y patología, ayudando a las estrategias de control.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Parasitología Veterinaria; Patología Animal; Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La coccidiosis bovina es una enfermedad gastrointestinal global importante en el ganado, causada por especies de Eimeria.; Afecta predominantemente a los terneros, exacerbada por prácticas de manejo estresantes, lo que genera pérdidas económicas en la producción ganadera.; Aunque es común en regiones tropicales/subtropicales, su epidemiología en otras áreas requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Documentar y analizar los brotes de coccidiosis bovina en el centro de Argentina.; Investigar los factores epidemiológicos, los signos clínicos y los hallazgos patológicos asociados con estos brotes.; Identificar las especies de Eimeria y las coinfecciones con nematodos gastrointestinales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de 63 brotes de coccidiosis bovina registrados por el Servicio de Diagnóstico Veterinario Especializado (SDVE) INTA Balcarce.; Recopilación de datos epidemiológicos y signos clínicos; se realizaron 43 necropsias y evaluaciones histopatológicas.; Análisis de muestras fecales para recuento de ooquistes (Eimeria spp.) y recuento de huevos de nematodos.
Principales resultados:
- Los brotes ocurrieron durante todo el año, con un pico en otoño, principalmente en sistemas de vacas nodrizas, afectando a terneros menores de 12 meses.; Los desencadenantes comunes incluyeron el destete, el transporte y el hacinamiento; la morbilidad media fue del 5,6% y la mortalidad del 2,6%.; Los signos clínicos incluyeron diarrea sanguinolenta y signos nerviosos; la histopatología confirmó infecciones por Eimeria zuernii y E. bovid.
Conclusiones:
- La coccidiosis bovina es muy prevalente en el centro de Argentina, a menudo asociada con condiciones de cría subóptimas.; El estudio proporciona información crítica sobre la epidemiología y patología de la enfermedad en la región.; Los hallazgos pueden informar sobre mejores métodos de diagnóstico y estrategias de control para los sistemas de producción ganadera.
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