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Concentraciones de cortisol en el cabello como biomarcador putativo del comportamiento suicida
Lindsay Taraban1, Emily Hone2, Meilin Jia-Richards2
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Resumen
Las concentraciones más bajas de cortisol en el cabello (HCC) pueden indicar un mayor riesgo de muerte por suicidio. Este hallazgo ofrece un marcador objetivo potencial para la predicción y prevención del riesgo de suicidio en adultos de alto riesgo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psiquiatría
- Endocrinología
Sus antecedentes:
- El suicidio es una de las principales causas de muerte en adultos jóvenes, especialmente entre pacientes psiquiátricos después de la hospitalización.
- La predicción del comportamiento suicida sigue siendo un desafío clínico importante.
- La concentración de cortisol en el cabello (HCC) refleja la actividad a largo plazo del eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-adrenal (HPA).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las concentraciones de cortisol en el cabello (HCC) como un marcador objetivo de riesgo de comportamiento suicida.
- Analizar las HCC en todo el espectro del comportamiento suicida, incluida la muerte por suicidio.
Principales métodos:
- Se examinaron 238 adultos jóvenes en todo el espectro del suicidio (muerte, intento, ideación, comparación psiquiátrica) y 43 muertes por sobredosis de drogas.
- Se recopilaron datos mediante autoinforme, entrevista clínica, registros médicos y muestreo de cabello de 3 cm.
- Se utilizó regresión multivariante para analizar la relación entre las HCC y los grupos de comportamiento suicida, controlando las covariables.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron concentraciones significativamente más bajas de HCC en individuos que murieron por suicidio en comparación con los que intentaron suicidarse, aquellos con ideación suicida y los individuos de comparación psiquiátrica.
- Los tamaños del efecto (d) variaron de 0,73 a 1,02, lo que indica diferencias de moderadas a grandes.
- Las concentraciones más bajas de HCC pueden servir como un marcador objetivo del riesgo de muerte por suicidio.
Conclusiones:
- Las concentraciones más bajas de cortisol en el cabello (HCC) muestran potencial como marcador objetivo para identificar a personas con alto riesgo de muerte por suicidio.
- Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones clínicas críticas para las estrategias de predicción y prevención del riesgo de suicidio.
- Se necesita más investigación con cohortes más grandes para validar estos resultados y facilitar la implementación clínica de la evaluación de HCC.
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