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La relación entre la dieta materna en el primer trimestre y la pérdida temprana del embarazo: un estudio
Muhammed Bartu Varol1,2, Berkin Özyilmaz Kircali3
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey. muhammedbartu.varol@yeniyuzyil.edu.tr.
BMC pregnancy and childbirth
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La dieta materna en el embarazo temprano impacta significativamente el riesgo de pérdida del embarazo. Una mayor ingesta de fibra, folato y ácidos grasos omega-3 se asocia con un menor riesgo de pérdida temprana del embarazo (PTE).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La pérdida temprana del embarazo (PTE) afecta a muchas mujeres en todo el mundo, con causas poco claras.
- La dieta materna durante el primer trimestre puede influir en la ocurrencia de PTE.
- La comprensión de los factores nutricionales es crucial para la prevención de la PTE.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la ingesta de nutrientes, los hábitos alimentarios y el conocimiento nutricional entre mujeres con y sin PTE.
- Identificar componentes dietéticos específicos asociados con el riesgo de PTE.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles que involucró a 65 mujeres con PTE y 65 mujeres embarazadas sanas.
- Participantes emparejados por edad, IMC y paridad.
- Se utilizó un Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Alimentos Cuantitativos (QFFQ) y la Escala de Nivel de Conocimiento Nutricional para Adultos (NKLSA).
Principales resultados:
- El grupo de control tuvo una mayor ingesta de carbohidratos, fibra, ácidos grasos omega-3, folato, vitamina C, potasio y yodo.
- Una mayor ingesta de fibra dietética mostró un efecto protector contra el riesgo de PTE.
- No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa en los niveles de conocimiento nutricional entre los grupos.
Conclusiones:
- El estado nutricional materno en el primer trimestre juega un papel protector contra la PTE.
- La ingesta de fibra dietética es un factor clave para reducir el riesgo de PTE.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre las intervenciones dietéticas para la prevención de la PTE.
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