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Genómica comparativa revela la estructura poblacional y la adaptación ecológica en Lactobacillus helveticus

Haimin Hu¹, Jiao Wu¹, Jiaqi Sun¹

¹Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

|February 7, 2026

Resumen

Las cepas de Lactobacillus helveticus (L. helveticus) muestran una diversidad metabólica significativa impulsada por la adaptación ecológica, a pesar de las peptidasas intracelulares conservadas. Este estudio genómico proporciona información para el desarrollo de nuevos cultivos iniciadores lácteos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología; Genómica; Ciencia de los Alimentos

Sus antecedentes:

Lactobacillus helveticus (L. helveticus) es crucial para los productos lácteos fermentados, conocido por su actividad proteolítica.
Comprender la diversidad genética y la adaptación de L. helveticus es vital para las aplicaciones industriales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Realizar un análisis genómico comparativo de cepas de L. helveticus.
Investigar la base genética de la diversidad funcional y la adaptación ecológica en L. helveticus.

Principales métodos:

Análisis genómico comparativo de 284 aislamientos de L. helveticus.
Análisis filogenético para clasificar las cepas en clados evolutivos.
Evaluación de las diferencias metabólicas funcionales y la actividad inhibidora de la ECA.

Principales resultados:

Identificó un genoma central de 490 genes y un pan-genoma abierto de 15.105 genes.
Clasificó las cepas en seis clados, lo que sugiere una evolución impulsada por nichos ecológicos.
Encontró diferencias metabólicas significativas entre los clados, pero peptidasas intracelulares conservadas y sin variación significativa en la inhibición de la ECA.

Conclusiones:

L. helveticus posee mecanismos genómicos para adaptarse a diversos entornos.
El estudio revela la diversidad funcional y proporciona una base para el desarrollo de cepas industriales.

Palabras clave:

Actividad inhibidora de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA), Genómica comparativa, Diversidad funcional, Lactobacillus helveticus

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