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Experiencias de los gestores de programas de inmunización en la implementación del cambio de un ciclo de dos dosis a
Maryke Steffens1, Katarzyna Bolsewicz2, Kathleen Prokopovich1
1National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Vaccine
|February 7, 2026
Resumen
Australia
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Programas de Inmunización
- Vacunología
Sus antecedentes:
- La vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) se ofrece de forma rutinaria a niños de 12 a 13 años en Australia a través de programas escolares.
- La cobertura ha disminuido después de la pandemia de COVID-19, exacerbando las brechas de equidad.
- Australia hizo la transición a un calendario de vacunación contra el VPH en dosis única en febrero de 2023, sin embargo, la cobertura ha disminuido inesperadamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Documentar la experiencia de implementación de la estrategia de vacunación contra el VPH en dosis única.
- Identificar los desafíos actuales dentro de los programas de inmunización escolar en Australia.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron entrevistas en línea en septiembre de 2024 con 11 miembros del personal superior de inmunización de estados y territorios australianos.
- Se empleó un análisis temático para identificar categorías y temas a partir de los datos de la entrevista.
Principales resultados:
- Los facilitadores incluyeron comunicación clara, aceptación por parte de padres/proveedores y flexibilidad en la programación derivada de la dosis única.
- Los desafíos clave incluyeron un corto plazo de implementación, comunicación retrasada debido a la confidencialidad y problemas logísticos como formularios de consentimiento y exceso de vacunas.
- Los desafíos continuos del programa incluyen la disminución de la asistencia escolar, la escasez de personal, las prioridades escolares contrapuestas, la evolución del consentimiento digital y la reducción de la participación de padres/estudiantes.
Conclusiones:
- El cambio a un calendario de vacunación contra el VPH en dosis única fue manejable operativamente, pero ocurrió en medio de crecientes desafíos en la inmunización escolar.
- El calendario simplificado puede limitar las oportunidades de vacunación en la escuela a una sola visita anual.
- Se recomiendan estrategias mejoradas para las vacunas de puesta al día y la promoción de sitios de vacunación alternativos para los programas escolares.
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