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Precisión diagnóstica y utilidad práctica de los cuestionarios de cribado de depresión en las modalidades de terapia
Isabel Vázquez1, Lorena García-Becerra1, Jesús Calviño2
1Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Journal of psychosomatic research
|February 7, 2026
Resumen
El cribado de la depresión en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR) es crucial. El Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) es la herramienta más eficiente para identificar la depresión en todas las modalidades de TRR.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Nefrología
- Psiquiatría
- Diagnóstico Clínico
Sus antecedentes:
- La depresión es prevalente y a menudo se diagnostica de forma insuficiente en pacientes sometidos a terapias de reemplazo renal (TRR).
- Las herramientas de cribado de depresión existentes tienen una evaluación limitada en las poblaciones de diálisis domiciliaria y trasplantes.
- El cribado preciso de la depresión es vital para el manejo de pacientes en TRR.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la precisión diagnóstica del Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) y Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression (HADS-D) en pacientes de diferentes modalidades de TRR.
- Identificar la herramienta de cribado de depresión más eficaz y eficiente para uso clínico en poblaciones renales.
Principales métodos:
- Se incluyeron pacientes adultos que recibían hemodiálisis en centro, diálisis domiciliaria o trasplante renal.
- Los participantes completaron los cuestionarios BDI-II, BDI-FS y HADS-D.
- La Entrevista Clínica Estructurada (SCID-I) sirvió como estándar de referencia para el diagnóstico de depresión.
Principales resultados:
- 18.2% de los 203 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de depresión.
- Los puntos de corte óptimos variaron según la modalidad de TRR para todos los instrumentos probados.
- El BDI-II, BDI-FS y HADS-D demostraron alta sensibilidad y valores predictivos negativos, y el HADS-D mostró menor sensibilidad en pacientes de diálisis domiciliaria y trasplantados.
Conclusiones:
- El BDI-II, BDI-FS y HADS-D son valiosos para el cribado de la depresión en pacientes renales.
- Los puntos de corte específicos de la modalidad mejoran la precisión diagnóstica en comparación con los umbrales estándar.
- Se recomienda el BDI-FS como la herramienta de cribado más eficiente debido a su precisión, brevedad y facilidad de uso en todas las modalidades de TRR.
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