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Aguas más profundas, más calcificadores: la variación espacial de los ensamblajes bentónicos resalta los desafíos de

Lucía Bergagna¹, Luciana Riccialdelli¹, Gustavo Lovrich¹

¹Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CP 9410, Ushuaia, Argentina.

Marine environmental research

|February 7, 2026

Resumen

Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP) en la subantártica protegen una diversa vida bentónica. Sin embargo, la alta rotación de la biodiversidad sugiere que la zonificación actual puede no proteger completamente los hábitats contra el cambio climático y la acidificación de los océanos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología marina
Biología de la conservación
Oceanografía

Sus antecedentes:

Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP) son cruciales para la conservación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos.
Las AMP subantárticas Namuncurá - Banco Burdwood I y II protegen ricos ensamblajes bentónicos en hábitats de meseta y talud.
Las emisiones antropogénicas de CO2 que impulsan el cambio climático y la acidificación de los océanos representan amenazas significativas para estas AMP.

Objetivo del estudio:

Establecer una línea de base ecológica para los ensamblajes bentónicos en las AMP subantárticas.
Evaluar la efectividad de las AMP en la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Monitorear los impactos del cambio climático e informar las estrategias de gestión.

Principales métodos:

Se analizó la diversidad y estructura de la megafauna bentónica utilizando arrastres de fondo (90-710 m de profundidad).
Se realizaron comparaciones entre el AMP, el Canal Beagle y la plataforma atlántica.
Se aplicaron análisis estadísticos uni y multivariantes a los datos taxonómicos.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron 236 taxones; 167 únicos de las AMP, lo que resalta su singularidad.
Las esponjas dominaron los hábitats menos profundos, mientras que los taxones calcificadores (corales, equinodermos) predominaron en las áreas más profundas.
La alta rotación de la beta-diversidad dentro de las AMP indicó una posible insuficiencia de la zonificación actual.

Conclusiones:

Las AMP subantárticas albergan una biodiversidad significativa y valor de conservación.
La zonificación actual de las AMP puede ser insuficiente para proteger los hábitats bentónicos de los impactos del cambio climático, en particular la acidificación de los océanos.
Los hallazgos proporcionan una base para la gestión eficaz de las AMP y la evaluación de las respuestas ecológicas al cambio ambiental.

Palabras clave:

bosques de animales Banco Burdwood jardines de coral mar profundo AMP Namuncurá esponjas

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