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Contaminación por plásticos en la reproducción humana: ¿deberíamos preocuparnos?
Martina Broggiato1, Stefania Pezzana1, Chiara Scaccabarozzi2
1Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F Sforza 35, Milano, Italy.
Reproductive biomedicine online
|February 7, 2026
Resumen
Los microplásticos y nanoplásticos (MNP) suponen riesgos para la salud reproductiva. Los estudios muestran MNP en tejidos reproductivos humanos y fetos, lo que afecta la fertilidad y los resultados del embarazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales
- Toxicología
- Biología reproductiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Los microplásticos y nanoplásticos (MNP) son contaminantes ambientales omnipresentes.
- La exposición humana a los MNP está generalizada, lo que genera preocupación sobre los posibles impactos en la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la presencia y los efectos de los MNP en la salud reproductiva humana.
- Discutir las implicaciones para los resultados del embarazo y el desarrollo fetal.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de estudios sobre la detección de MNP en muestras biológicas.
- Análisis de datos de modelos in vitro y animales sobre la toxicidad reproductiva de los MNP.
- Evaluación de técnicas analíticas para la identificación de MNP.
Principales resultados:
- Se detectaron MNP en placenta humana, líquido amniótico, líquido folicular, tejido testicular y semen.
- La evidencia sugiere que los MNP pueden cruzar las barreras biológicas y afectar el desarrollo fetal.
- Estudios en animales indican que la exposición a MNP perjudica la función ovárica, la calidad de los ovocitos y los parámetros del esperma.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición a MNP presenta un riesgo potencial para la salud reproductiva humana y el embarazo.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender los efectos de la exposición en el mundo real y desarrollar estrategias de mitigación.
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