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Cambios en los resultados de las cefaleas tras la educación guiada en un sitio web: un estudio piloto con escolares
Antonia Dörnemann1, Adrián Fernández-González2,3, Rocío de la Vega2,3
1German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany.
Journal of pediatric psychology
|February 8, 2026
Resumen
Un programa educativo basado en la web mejoró significativamente el conocimiento sobre las cefaleas, la autoeficacia y redujo la intensidad del dolor y la interferencia en escolares. Este estudio piloto destaca el potencial de las herramientas digitales para el manejo de las cefaleas crónicas pediátricas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Manejo del Dolor Pediátrico
- Intervenciones de Salud Digital
- Trastornos de Cefalea en la Infancia
Sus antecedentes:
- Las cefaleas crónicas son un problema de salud común en la infancia que causa importantes limitaciones en la vida diaria.
- La limitada disponibilidad de tratamientos especializados para el dolor crónico pediátrico hace necesarios tratamientos alternativos accesibles.
- Las herramientas educativas interactivas y amigables para los niños, basadas en la web, ofrecen un enfoque prometedor para el manejo del dolor.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar un programa de educación sobre el dolor guiado y basado en la web (Los Cabezudos) para escolares españoles.
- Evaluar los cambios en el conocimiento sobre las cefaleas, la autoeficacia ante el dolor, la intensidad del dolor y la interferencia del dolor.
- Explorar la asociación entre la efectividad de la intervención y la edad de los niños.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio piloto en el que participaron 210 escolares de entre 10 y 14 años.
- Se impartieron dos sesiones de educación sobre cefaleas guiadas y basadas en la web en las escuelas.
- Los resultados se midieron antes de la intervención y en los seguimientos de 1 y 2 meses utilizando modelos mixtos lineales multinivel.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron mejoras significativas en el conocimiento sobre las cefaleas (b=0.20, p < .001) y la autoeficacia ante el dolor (b=0.22, p < .001).
- La intensidad del dolor (máxima: b=-0.27, p = .002; promedio: b=-0.27, p = .001) y la interferencia del dolor (b=-0.30, p = .002) disminuyeron significativamente.
- No se encontraron interacciones significativas entre los efectos de la intervención y la edad de los participantes.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones educativas basadas en la web muestran potencial para mejorar los resultados clave de las cefaleas en niños.
- El estudio apoya el uso de plataformas digitales para mejorar el manejo del dolor pediátrico.
- Se necesitan ensayos controlados aleatorizados adicionales para confirmar la efectividad a largo plazo.
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