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Diagnóstico y descubrimiento genético habilitados por modelos de lenguaje grandes
Tao Tu1, Khaled Saab1, Weida Liu2
1Google DeepMind, Mountain View, California, USA.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 8, 2026
Resumen
Los modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) como Med-PaLM 2 y Gemini pueden acelerar el diagnóstico y descubrimiento genético. Estas herramientas de IA identificaron con éxito factores genéticos en ratones y humanos, ayudando en el diagnóstico de enfermedades raras.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genómica
- Inteligencia Artificial
- Diagnóstico Médico
Sus antecedentes:
- La inteligencia artificial (IA) y los modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) muestran promesa en aplicaciones clínicas.
- El potencial de los LLM para acelerar el diagnóstico y descubrimiento genético sigue siendo en gran medida inexplorado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la capacidad de los LLM (Med-PaLM 2 y Gemini) para acelerar el diagnóstico y descubrimiento genético.
- Evaluar el rendimiento de los LLM en un espectro de complejidades de problemas genéticos.
Principales métodos:
- Med-PaLM 2 procesó la entrada de texto libre para identificar genes murinos causales de rasgos biomédicos.
- Se desarrolló una canalización de recuperación y anclaje para Gemini 2.5 Pro para analizar listas de genes e identificar factores causales en la pérdida de audición humana.
- Gemini 2.5 Pro se adaptó para identificar factores genéticos de enfermedades raras basándose en descripciones complejas de síntomas.
Principales resultados:
- Med-PaLM 2 identificó con precisión factores genéticos murinos conocidos y un factor novedoso para la pérdida de audición.
- Gemini 2.5 Pro ayudó con éxito a identificar factores genéticos causales de la pérdida de audición humana y enfermedades genéticas raras.
- La canalización de IA demostró eficacia tanto en análisis genéticos murinos como humanos.
Conclusiones:
- Los LLM pueden facilitar significativamente el diagnóstico y descubrimiento genético tanto en modelos animales como en sujetos humanos.
- Las canalizaciones impulsadas por IA muestran potencial para mejorar la eficiencia de la identificación de las causas genéticas de las enfermedades.
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