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Polímeros Ricos en Azufre Novedosos de Vulcanización Inversa como Bloques de Construcción Funcionales para Fotónica

Raimondo Insogna¹, Fabiano Martorelli¹, Daniela Di Fonzo²

¹Istituto Di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SCITEC-CNR, Genova, Italy.

Macromolecular rapid communications

|February 8, 2026

Resumen

Los polímeros novedosos sintetizados mediante vulcanización inversa (IV) ofrecen un alto índice de refracción y transparencia NIR. Este método ecológico recicla el azufre residual en materiales avanzados para aplicaciones de nanofotónica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química de Polímeros
Ciencia de Materiales
Nanofotónica

Sus antecedentes:

El azufre elemental es un subproducto industrial abundante con aplicaciones limitadas.
La vulcanización inversa (IV) ofrece una ruta sostenible para polimerizar el azufre.
El desarrollo de polímeros que contienen azufre novedosos con propiedades ópticas a medida es crucial para aplicaciones avanzadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Sintetizar polímeros vulcanizados inversos (IVP) novedosos con alto índice de refracción y transparencia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIR).
Explorar nuevos comonómeros de entrecruzamiento para el proceso IV.
Investigar las relaciones estructura-propiedad de los IVP sintetizados para aplicaciones de nanofotónica.

Principales métodos:

Proceso de vulcanización inversa (IV) que utiliza azufre elemental y comonómeros aromáticos.
Síntesis de reticuladores aromáticos de diisopropenilo novedosos (DIF, DIDBT) mediante acoplamiento de Suzuki-Miyaura.
Caracterización de las propiedades ópticas del polímero, el comportamiento térmico (Tg) y la formabilidad de películas.
Fabricación de reflectores de Bragg distribuidos (DBR) de polímero completo y componentes ópticos impresos.

Principales resultados:

Se lograron IVP con alto contenido de azufre (50-60% en peso) con alto índice de refracción y excelente transparencia NIR.
Se sintetizaron y utilizaron con éxito comonómeros aromáticos de diisopropenilo novedosos (DIF, DIDBT).
Se demostró una correlación clara entre la densidad de entrecruzamiento y la temperatura de transición vítrea.
Se fabricaron componentes ópticos funcionales como DBR y estructuras impresas utilizando los IVP sintetizados.

Conclusiones:

La vulcanización inversa es un método ecológico, eficiente y escalable para reciclar azufre en polímeros de alto rendimiento.
Los IVP desarrollados poseen propiedades ópticas y térmicas deseables para la nanofotónica.
Estos materiales novedosos tienen un potencial significativo para dispositivos y aplicaciones ópticas avanzadas.

Palabras clave:

reacción de acoplamiento cruzado de Suzuki–Miyaura cristales fotónicos de polímero completo polímeros de alto índice de refracción vulcanización inversa aromáticos de isopropenilo metasuperficies reciclaje de azufre

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