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Impacto del envejecimiento en el acoplamiento de amplitud de fase theta-gamma durante el aprendizaje: un análisis

Dawid Strzelczyk¹, Charline Peylo², Nicolas Langer¹

¹Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

|February 8, 2026

Resumen

Los adultos mayores muestran un acoplamiento de amplitud de fase (PAC) reducido en la memoria de trabajo, lo que afecta la formación de la memoria. Este estudio utilizó PAC multivariante para revelar diferencias relacionadas con la edad en la coordinación neuronal durante el aprendizaje.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Ciencia Cognitiva
Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento

Sus antecedentes:

El envejecimiento a menudo conduce a un deterioro cognitivo y a problemas de memoria.
El acoplamiento de amplitud de fase (PAC) entre la theta frontomedial y la gamma occipital está relacionado con la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo.
La investigación previa sobre PAC en el envejecimiento es limitada y a menudo utiliza métodos menos robustos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las diferencias relacionadas con la edad en los mecanismos neuronales de la memoria de trabajo utilizando un análisis avanzado de PAC.
Explorar el papel del PAC multivariante (mPAC) en la formación de la memoria a lo largo de la vida.
Identificar marcadores neuronales que distinguen a los aprendices rápidos y lentos.

Principales métodos:

Se registró EEG de 113 adultos jóvenes y 117 adultos mayores durante una tarea de aprendizaje de secuencias.
Se aplicó PAC multivariante (mPAC) con eigendecomposición generalizada (GED) para analizar la coordinación neuronal.
Se rastrearon los cambios de mPAC durante el aprendizaje incremental a lo largo de miles de ensayos.

Principales resultados:

Los adultos mayores aprendieron significativamente más lento que los adultos jóvenes.
El mPAC aumentó con el aprendizaje en ambos grupos de edad y diferenció a los aprendices.
Los adultos mayores exhibieron una reducción general del mPAC, lo que indica un almacenamiento paralelo deficiente en la memoria de trabajo.
Los efectos del mPAC fueron independientes de la potencia theta frontomedial, lo que sugiere un déficit de acoplamiento específico.

Conclusiones:

El envejecimiento se asocia con una coordinación neuronal reducida en la memoria de trabajo, específicamente un almacenamiento paralelo comprometido.
El PAC multivariante es una medida sensible para detectar cambios relacionados con la edad en la dinámica neuronal.
Los hallazgos pueden informar intervenciones para mejorar la memoria en adultos mayores y aprendices lentos.

Palabras clave:

Envejecimiento Acoplamiento EEG Gamma Theta

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