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Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de red de las intervenciones psicosociales sobre la adherencia a la terapia
Nursing research
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
Las intervenciones multicomponentes son las más efectivas para mejorar la adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) en personas con VIH. Estas estrategias muestran beneficios a largo plazo, aunque la gestión de casos ofrece mejoras a corto plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
- Gestión de enfermedades infecciosas Gestión de enfermedades infecciosas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La terapia antirretroviral (TAR) es vital para el manejo del VIH, pero la adherencia subóptima limita su efectividad.
- Se exploran intervenciones psicosociales para mejorar la adherencia a la TARV, sin embargo, las estrategias óptimas siguen sin estar claras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar las intervenciones psicosociales más efectivas para mejorar la adherencia a ART entre las personas con VIH.
Principales métodos:
- Una búsqueda exhaustiva de seis bases de datos (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL) hasta el mes de abril del año 2024.
- Se incluyeron 35 estudios en los que participaron 7.808 personas.
- Aplicación de metaanálisis en pares y en red, meta-regresión y análisis de subgrupos para evaluar la eficacia de la intervención.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones psicosociales mejoraron significativamente la adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral en general.
- Las intervenciones multicomponentes demostraron la mayor eficacia en el metanálisis de redes.
- Los análisis de subgrupos confirmaron la eficacia a largo plazo de las intervenciones multicomponentes, con beneficios a corto plazo de la gestión de casos.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones multicomponentes representan el enfoque psicosocial más efectivo para mejorar la adherencia al TARV.
- Las consideraciones de viabilidad y rentabilidad son cruciales, especialmente en entornos de recursos limitados.
- La investigación futura debe tener como objetivo desarrollar paquetes de intervención simplificados y personalizados para diversas poblaciones que viven con el VIH.
Palabras clave:
El VIH es el VIH.La adherencia es la adherencia.La terapia antirretroviral es el tratamiento antirretroviral.metaanálisis de la red.La intervención psicosocial es una intervención psicosocial.Más Videos Relacionados
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