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La remodelación evolutiva de la bolsa de unión FXR impulsó la divergencia funcional y la discriminación de ligandos

Noriko Yamamoto¹, Nishanti Sudhakar¹, Sabab H Khan¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.

Molecular biology and evolution

|February 9, 2026

Resumen

Se investigaron los orígenes evolutivos del receptor X farnesoide (FXR) y los receptores X hepáticos (LXR). La reconstrucción de su antepasado reveló un cambio en la preferencia del ligando debido a sustituciones evolutivas específicas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
Los receptores nucleares se encuentran en los receptores nucleares.
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los receptores nucleares, incluidos los receptores farnesoides X (FXR) y los receptores X del hígado (LXR), regulan diversas vías metabólicas.
FXR y LXR perciben los ácidos biliares y los oxisteroles, respectivamente, pero se desconocen los ligandos que activan su antepasado común.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para reconstruir el antepasado vertebrado común de FXR y LXR.
Para identificar las sustituciones evolutivas responsables del cambio en la preferencia de ligando del antepasado al vertebrado ancestral FXR.

Principales métodos:

Reconstrucción de la proteína ancestral FXR / LXR. reconstrucción de la proteína ancestral FXR / LXR. reconstrucción de la proteína ancestral FXR / LXR. reconstrucción de la proteína ancestral FXR / LXR. reconstrucción de la proteína ancestral FXR / LXR. reconstrucción de la proteína ancestral FXR / LXR.
Análisis estructurales y funcionales de receptores ancestrales y existentes.
Identificación de las principales sustituciones evolutivas que afectan a la unión de ligandos.

Principales resultados:

El ancestro reconstruido de FXR/LXR no se unía a los ácidos biliares ni a los oxisteroles.
Las sustituciones evolutivas específicas rediseñaron el bolsillo de unión del ligando, lo que permitió a FXR unirse a sus ligandos ancestrales.
Otras mutaciones alteraron la estructura secundaria de FXR, apoyando la especialización funcional.

Conclusiones:

La preferencia de ligandos de FXR evolucionó a través de modificaciones estructurales específicas en su bolsillo de unión de ligandos.
Los cambios evolutivos en los receptores nucleares como FXR son impulsados por adaptaciones estructurales que apoyan funciones especializadas.

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