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Nanofibras de carbono huecas y porosas cargadas con nanopartículas CuS para una evaporación interfacial eficiente
Ying Zhang1, Lanlan Hou2, Xiaofei Liu1
1State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.
ACS applied materials & interfaces
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
Una nueva membrana CuS@HPCNFs aprovecha eficientemente la energía solar para la desalinización, logrando altas tasas de evaporación y eficiencia solar-a-vapor. Este material sostenible supera las limitaciones de las actuales tecnologías de evaporación interfacial impulsadas por energía solar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Ingeniería Química Ingeniería Química.
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente escasez mundial de agua requiere soluciones sostenibles de desalinización.
- La evaporación interfacial impulsada por energía solar (SDIE) ofrece un enfoque prometedor y ecológico.
- Los materiales SDIE convencionales se enfrentan a desafíos en la gestión térmica, el transporte de agua y la resistencia a la sal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un nuevo material para una evaporación interfacial eficiente impulsada por energía solar.
- Abordar las limitaciones de los materiales existentes en aplicaciones prácticas de desalinización.
- Investigar las relaciones estructura-propiedad para mejorar el rendimiento de SDIE.
Principales métodos:
- Fabricación de una membrana de nanofibra de carbono hueca y porosa cargada con nanopartículas CuS (CuS@HPCNFs) utilizando electrospinado coaxial.
- Caracterización de la arquitectura porosa del material y de sus propiedades plasmónicas.
- Evaluación del rendimiento de la membrana CuS@HPCNFs bajo iluminación solar simulada, incluida la velocidad de evaporación, la eficiencia solar-vapor y la resistencia a la sal.
Principales resultados:
- La membrana CuS@HPCNFs exhibió una arquitectura porosa y una absorción de banda ancha debido a las nanopartículas plasmónicas CuS.
- Se logró una temperatura superficial de 92,8 °C bajo 1 iluminación solar.
- Ofreció una alta tasa de evaporación de 2,39 kg·m−2 y una eficiencia solar-vapor de 83,5%.
- Se ha demostrado una reducción de la entalpía de evaporación (1816 J·g-1) y un rendimiento estable en una salmuera de 15% de peso % NaCl durante 10 horas.
- Redujo con éxito las concentraciones de iones metálicos en el agua de mar en condiciones al aire libre.
Conclusiones:
- La membrana CuS@HPCNFs presenta un acoplamiento estructural-funcional efectivo para SDIE avanzado.
- El material demuestra un potencial significativo para una desalinización escalable y eficiente.
- Este trabajo ofrece un nuevo paradigma para el diseño de materiales de desalinización solar de próxima generación.
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