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El impacto de Nirsevimab en las hospitalizaciones relacionadas con la bronquiolitis: un estudio comparativo
Sergio Ghirardo1,2, Barbara Madini3, Nicola Ullmann4
1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Pediatric pulmonology
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
Nirsevimab redujo significativamente las hospitalizaciones por el virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) por bronquiolitis en bebés italianos en un 48%. La inmunoprofilaxis reformó los patrones virales, destacando su beneficio para la salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La bronquiolitis es una de las principales causas de hospitalización infantil en todo el mundo.
- El virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) es el principal causante de la bronquiolitis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de la inmunoprofilaxis con nirsevimab en las hospitalizaciones por bronquiolitis relacionada con el RSV en Italia.
- Evaluar los cambios en la epidemiología viral durante la temporada de invierno 2024-2025.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio comparativo retrospectivo multicéntrico.
- Análisis de los ingresos por bronquiolitis en nueve hospitales italianos.
- Comparación de los datos de hospitalización de la temporada 2024-2025 con la temporada anterior.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una disminución del 48% en las admisiones de bronquiolitis.
- La positividad RSV fue significativamente menor en los lactantes inmunizados con nirsevimab (48%) en comparación con los no inmunizados (73%).
- Se observaron menos coinfecciones relacionadas con el RSV y una menor tasa de intubación (<0,5%).
Conclusiones:
- Nirsevimab reduce efectivamente las hospitalizaciones asociadas con el RSV y altera el panorama viral de la bronquiolitis.
- Se observó un cambio en la prevalencia del patógeno, con una disminución del RSV y un aumento del rinovirus / enterovirus.
- Se recomienda la implementación generalizada de la inmunoprofilaxis de nirsevimab para los beneficios de salud pública.
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