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Dejar de fumar antes de la cirugía: ¿es un desencadenante para la abstinencia a largo plazo?
Yanay Shaked1, Joseph Azuri1, Tomer Tzur2,3
1Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Journal of perioperative practice
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
La cesación perioperatoria del tabaquismo antes de la cirugía plástica puede extender el período libre de humo, pero el consejo a corto plazo por sí solo rara vez conduce a la abstinencia a largo plazo. Se necesitan programas estructurados para dejar de fumar de manera sostenida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cirugía plástica cirugía plástica.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se sabe que dejar de fumar perioperatorio reduce las complicaciones de la cicatrización de heridas.
- El impacto a largo plazo de la cesación del tabaquismo perioperatorio en la abstinencia sostenida después de la cirugía plástica electiva no se entiende bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la adherencia a las instrucciones perioperatorias para dejar de fumar a corto plazo se asocia con la abstinencia continua después de la cirugía en pacientes sometidos a cirugía plástica electiva.
Principales métodos:
- Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía plástica electiva recibieron instrucciones de dejar de fumar al menos 4 semanas antes y permanecer abstinentes durante 4 semanas después de la cirugía.
- Los pacientes fueron categorizados como compatibles o no compatibles con la orientación preoperatoria para dejar de fumar.
- Se realizaron entrevistas de seguimiento para evaluar el estado de tabaquismo.
Principales resultados:
- La cirugía plástica electiva puede actuar como un "momento de aprendizaje", extendiendo el período inmediato libre de humo.
- Las instrucciones perioperatorias a corto plazo para dejar de fumar por sí solas rara vez son suficientes para lograr una abstinencia duradera.
- Una parte significativa de los pacientes no mantuvo la abstinencia a largo plazo a pesar del cumplimiento inicial.
Conclusiones:
- Si bien el cese del tabaquismo perioperatorio puede reducir temporalmente las tasas de tabaquismo, no garantiza la abstinencia sostenida.
- Es probable que sean necesarios programas de cesación integrados y estructurados combinados con asesoramiento perioperatorio para lograr un cambio de comportamiento duradero.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre estrategias efectivas a largo plazo para dejar de fumar en el contexto de la cirugía plástica.
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