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Caminos moleculares en el deterioro cognitivo vascular y la demencia: enfoque en la plasticidad sináptica y

Chuanqiang Liu^1,2, Fuyue Li^1,2, Luyao Qiao³

¹First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

|February 9, 2026

Resumen

El deterioro cognitivo vascular (DCV) implica cambios sinápticos y epigenéticos impulsados por enfermedades cerebrovasculares. Comprender estos mecanismos es clave para desarrollar nuevos tratamientos para la demencia.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

El deterioro cognitivo vascular (DCV) es la segunda causa principal de demencia, con una prevalencia creciente.
Los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al VCI no se comprenden completamente.
Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son la causa primaria de ICV.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los hallazgos recientes sobre la plasticidad sináptica del hipocampo y los cambios epigenéticos en el ICV y la demencia vascular (VD).
Para integrar conocimientos de neuroimagen y biología molecular.
Para dilucidar los fundamentos moleculares del VCI.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de estudios en las últimas dos décadas utilizando técnicas moleculares, electrofisiológicas y de neuroimagen.
Investigación de la regulación del flujo sanguíneo cerebral y la transmisión sináptica.
Análisis de los mecanismos epigenéticos, incluida la metilación del ADN, la modificación de las histonas y la regulación del ARN no codificante.

Principales resultados:

La hipoperfusión cerebral crónica y la lesión microvascular afectan la plasticidad sináptica del hipocampo, afectando la formación de la memoria.
Los cambios epigenéticos aberrantes (metilación del ADN, acetilación de histonas, expresión de miRNA) impulsan la neuroinflamación y la neurodegeneración.
La neuroimagen revela una conectividad neural alterada y la imagen molecular proporciona evidencia a nivel molecular.

Conclusiones:

El VCI es el resultado de la interacción de la disfunción vascular, la desregulación sináptica y la modificación epigenética.
La identificación de estos mecanismos convergentes puede conducir a nuevos biomarcadores de diagnóstico y objetivos terapéuticos.
La investigación futura en neuroimagen, perfiles moleculares y epigenética es crucial para la detección temprana y el tratamiento de precisión de VCI y VaD.

Palabras clave:

La metilación del ADN.Modificaciones epigenéticas Modificaciones epigenéticas plasticidad sináptica del hipocampo.modificación de la histona modificación de la histona.La neuroimagen por imágenes.ARN no codificante y no codificante.Deterioro cognitivo vascular y el deterioro cognitivo vascular.Demencia vascular y demencia vascular.

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