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Fibras de accionamiento de elastómero dieléctrico suave de tracción térmica

Yuto Akimoto^1,2, Gildas Coativy³, Jean-Yves Cavaillé⁴

¹Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.

|February 9, 2026

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron fibras de accionamiento suaves a partir de elastómeros dieléctricos de todos los polímeros. Estas fibras flexibles ofrecen una mayor libertad de accionamiento para la robótica blanda y las aplicaciones biomédicas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
La ciencia de los polímeros es la ciencia de los polímeros.
Robótica y Robótica Robótica y Robótica Robótica Robótica Robótica Robótica Robótica Robótica

Sus antecedentes:

Proceso de dibujo térmico adaptado para fibras multifuncionales (electrodos, guías de onda, microfluidos, biosensores).
Las fibras de actuador que incorporan aleaciones de memoria de forma (SMA), compuestos magnéticos o cables de tendón permiten la robótica blanda y las aplicaciones de catéteres médicos.
Las fibras de actuador existentes se enfrentan a limitaciones: alta rigidez, movimiento restringido y control complejo debido a materiales rígidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar fibras de accionamiento suaves de todo polímero utilizando elastómeros dieléctricos.
Mejorar el cumplimiento mecánico y la libertad de accionamiento en comparación con los actuadores de fibra existentes.
Utilice poliuretano termoplástico (PU) por su compatibilidad térmica y sus propiedades electroactivas.

Principales métodos:

Fibras de accionamiento suaves de todo polímero dibujadas térmicamente utilizando elastómero de poliuretano (PU) termoplástico.
Caracterización de la suavidad de la fibra (módulo de Young) y la respuesta electroactiva.
Evaluación de los modos de accionamiento (doblamiento, compresión, remolino 3D) y la estabilidad cíclica.

Principales resultados:

Se desarrollaron fibras de actuador blandas con un módulo de Young de 37 MPa.
Logrado accionamiento controlado eléctricamente en movimientos de flexión, compresión y remolino 3D.
Demostró una deformación de compresión del 1,59% a 2,4 MV/m y 1 Hz, con una excelente estabilidad cíclica durante 400 ciclos.

Conclusiones:

Las fibras de accionamiento de elastómero dieléctrico de todo polímero ofrecen un mayor cumplimiento y libertad de accionamiento.
Este enfoque supera las limitaciones de los materiales rígidos en los actuales actuadores de fibra.
Presenta una ruta escalable para fibras de actuador flexibles y multifuncionales para robótica blanda, dispositivos biomédicos y dispositivos portátiles.

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