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Modelado de Intentos de Suicidio Recurrentes Utilizando Procesos de Hawkes Probabilísticos

Darío C Larese1, Pablo M Olmos1, Antonio Artés1

  • 1Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain.

Spanish journal of psychiatry and mental health
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La recurrencia de intentos de suicidio se agrupa temporalmente, y la mayoría de los intentos repetidos ocurren dentro de un año. El modelado basado en Hawkes ofrece predicción de riesgo individualizada y dinámica para la prevención del suicidio.

Palabras clave:
Múltiples Intentos de SuicidioPredicción PersonalizadaFunción ProbabilísticaEvaluación de Riesgos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psiquiatría computacional
  • Modelado matemático en la atención sanitaria
  • Suicidología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La evaluación del riesgo de recurrencia de intentos de suicidio es crucial pero desafiante.
  • Los modelos existentes a menudo carecen de predicción dinámica utilizando datos clínicos de rutina.
  • El análisis predictivo está infrautilizado en los esfuerzos de prevención del suicidio.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y evaluar un modelo matemático longitudinal para predecir la recurrencia de intentos de suicidio.
  • Aprovechar los datos clínicos de rutina para la estimación dinámica del riesgo.
  • Identificar perfiles de riesgo temporal para la recurrencia de intentos de suicidio.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 1.112 individuos de la cohorte MCOSUL con un seguimiento mínimo de 5 años.
  • Se utilizaron parámetros del proceso de Hawkes estimados mediante máxima verosimilitud y redes neuronales.
  • Se aplicó el Modelo de Mezcla Gaussiana para identificar perfiles de riesgo temporal.

Principales resultados:

  • La recurrencia de intentos de suicidio exhibe agrupamiento temporal, con un 61,1% dentro de 1 mes y casi todos dentro de 12 meses.
  • El modelo capturó dinámicas autoexcitantes, generando curvas de riesgo individualizadas.
  • Identificó cinco clústeres de riesgo temporal distintos, que van desde riesgo bajo hasta extremo.

Conclusiones:

  • La repetición de intentos de suicidio demuestra un comportamiento temporal autoexcitante.
  • El modelado basado en Hawkes proporciona una estimación dinámica y variable en el tiempo del riesgo.
  • Este enfoque puede mejorar las estrategias personalizadas de prevención del suicidio.