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Rendimiento y uso potencial de las herramientas de riesgo de fractura en el lupus eritematoso sistémico
Federico Aldegheri1, Denise Rotta1, Isotta Galvagni1
1Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Lupus science & medicine
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
La herramienta DeFRA identifica mejor las fracturas vertebrales en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) en comparación con FRAX. Esta detección mejorada de fracturas puede ayudar a optimizar las estrategias de tratamiento de imagen y glucocorticoides en el LES.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Reumatología; Investigación sobre osteoporosis; Imagen médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La fragilidad esquelética es una comorbilidad significativa en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES).; La precisión de las herramientas existentes de evaluación del riesgo de fractura, como FRAX, en poblaciones con LES no está bien establecida.; Existe la necesidad de evaluar herramientas alternativas o refinadas para la predicción precisa del riesgo de fractura en el LES.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la capacidad discriminatoria de la Herramienta de Evaluación del Riesgo de Fractura (FRAX) y la herramienta italiana derivada de FRAX (DeFRA) para predecir fracturas en pacientes con LES.; Evaluar el rendimiento de FRAX y DeFRA en umbrales operativos específicos para identificar pacientes con alto riesgo de fractura.; Evaluar la utilidad clínica de DeFRA para guiar la evaluación dirigida de fracturas vertebrales (VFA) en el LES.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis secundario de la cohorte FRAIL (NCT05590390) que incluye 106 pacientes con LES.; Se utilizó la absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual con VFA y radiografía para confirmar fracturas vertebrales.; Se calculó la probabilidad de fractura osteoporótica mayor a 10 años utilizando FRAX y DeFRA, y la discriminación se evaluó mediante curvas características de operación del receptor y la prueba de DeLong.
Principales resultados:
- DeFRA demostró un área bajo la curva (AUC) mayor que FRAX para la detección de fracturas vertebrales recién identificadas (0.834 frente a 0.681, p=0.022) y cualquier fractura vertebral (0.902 frente a 0.770, p=0.013).; Con el umbral de DeFRA ≥20%, se identificaron 9 de 15 fracturas nuevas (Número Necesario a Escanear [NNS]=1.78), superando a FRAX ≥20% (7 fracturas).; La reducción del umbral de DeFRA a ≥15% aumentó la sensibilidad a 10/15 fracturas (NNS=2.0) sin comprometer la especificidad, confirmado por validación bootstrap.
Conclusiones:
- La herramienta DeFRA supera significativamente a la herramienta FRAX estándar en la detección de fracturas vertebrales en pacientes con LES.; DeFRA proporciona un umbral clínicamente eficiente para la VFA dirigida, mejorando potencialmente las estrategias de diagnóstico.; Estos hallazgos sugieren que DeFRA puede ayudar a optimizar las estrategias de imagen y el manejo de glucocorticoides para la prevención de fracturas en pacientes con LES.
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