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Pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas en niños preadolescentes: un estudio poblacional en el condado de Olmsted,
Neha Ramachandran1, Mohammed Firwana1, Sammy T Murad2
1Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
BMJ open
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
Los pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas (STB) en niños menores de 12 años van en aumento, observándose un aumento de tres veces. Estos niños a menudo tienen diagnósticos previos y uso de servicios de salud mental, y el 31% experimenta intentos posteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación de salud mental pediátrica; Epidemiología de la psiquiatría infantil y del adolescente; Vigilancia de la salud pública del comportamiento juvenil
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas (STB) en niños preadolescentes (de 12 años o menos) representan una preocupación crítica de salud pública.; Comprender la incidencia, la presentación y los resultados a largo plazo de los STB en este grupo de edad es esencial para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la incidencia, la presentación clínica y los resultados de salud a largo plazo de los pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas (STB) en niños de 12 años o menos.; Identificar los predictores de intentos de suicidio y la utilización posterior de la atención médica entre los niños preadolescentes que experimentan STB.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio poblacional utilizando el Proyecto de Epidemiología de Rochester en el condado de Olmsted, Minnesota, EE. UU., de 2005 a 2023.; Extracción manual de características del paciente y la familia, detalles de la presentación, historial previo y resultados por dos investigadores independientes de los casos identificados.; Los criterios de inclusión se centraron en niños de 2 a 12 años y 11 meses con STB, excluyendo a aquellos sin ideación/intentos suicidas o datos faltantes.
Principales resultados:
- La incidencia anual de STB se triplicó de 68,8 a 208,6 por 100.000 personas-año entre 2005 y 2023.; Las visitas a urgencias fueron la presentación más común (77,1%), y el 16,5% de los niños experimentaron un intento de suicidio.; Los predictores significativos de intentos de suicidio incluyeron el uso previo de estabilizadores del estado de ánimo y tener un plan específico; el 31% de la cohorte tuvo intentos de suicidio posteriores.
Conclusiones:
- Los pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas (STB) en niños preadolescentes, aunque raros, están aumentando en incidencia.; Los niños que experimentan STB a menudo tienen diagnósticos psicológicos preexistentes y utilizan servicios de salud mental, con una tasa notable de intentos de suicidio posteriores.; Existe una necesidad crítica de intervenciones novedosas y apropiadas para la edad para abordar los STB en esta población vulnerable.
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