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Modelado del proceso de formación de osteoblastos derivados de condrocitos: revelación de su firma molecular y red de

Raquel Ruiz-Hernández^1,2, Laurie Gay³, Verónica Moncho-Amor^4,5

¹Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.

|February 9, 2026

Resumen

Las células del cartílago pueden transformarse en células óseas durante el desarrollo óseo natural. Este estudio identifica vías moleculares clave y genes, como NOTCH y Mesp1, que controlan esta transición de cartílago a hueso, ofreciendo nuevas perspectivas sobre la formación y regeneración ósea.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Esquelética
Diferenciación Celular
Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

La osificación endocondral se considera tradicionalmente como una formación separada de cartílago y hueso.
La evidencia emergente sugiere que las células del cartílago pueden dar lugar a células óseas (osteoblastos derivados de condrocitos).

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los mecanismos moleculares que impulsan la transición fenotípica de cartílago a hueso.
Modelar la osificación endocondral utilizando cultivos de células primarias.

Principales métodos:

Evaluación en tejido óseo de ratón.
Implantación celular in vivo y protocolos de diferenciación serial in vitro.
Perfil de expresión génica.

Principales resultados:

Se confirmó la transición de células de cartílago a fenotipo de célula ósea durante el desarrollo posnatal.
Se reprodujo con éxito esta transición utilizando implantación celular específica y protocolos de diferenciación.
Se identificaron las vías de señalización NOTCH, BMP y MAPK como cruciales para el cambio de fenotipo.
Se destacaron Mesp1, Alx1, Grhl3 y Hmx3 como genes conductores potenciales para osteoblastos derivados de condrocitos.

Conclusiones:

La osificación endocondral se puede modelar eficazmente utilizando cultivos de células primarias.
La transición de cartílago a hueso está regulada por eventos moleculares específicos.
Estos hallazgos vinculan la morfogénesis esquelética embrionaria con el desarrollo y la regeneración ósea posnatal.

Palabras clave:

osificación endocondral células madre regeneración ósea diferenciación celular biología celular

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