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El calentamiento mejora la acumulación de carbono en el suelo de las turberas boreales de Sphagnum
Yunpeng Zhao1,2,3,4, Xiaojuan Feng5,6,7, Mari Pihlatie8,9
1State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nature ecology & evolution
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
El calentamiento aumenta el almacenamiento de carbono en las turberas boreales de Sphagnum, en contra de las tendencias de bosques y tundras. Estas turberas desempeñan un papel crucial en la mitigación de la pérdida general de carbono boreal en el contexto del cambio climático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología
- Ciencia del Clima
- Biogeoquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ecosistemas boreales albergan importantes reservas de carbono, el doble que la atmósfera.
- Estas regiones se están calentando más rápido que el promedio mundial.
- El impacto del calentamiento en las turberas de Sphagnum, un importante reservorio de carbono, está poco investigado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la respuesta al calentamiento del balance de carbono de las turberas de Sphagnum.
- Contrastar las respuestas de las turberas con las de los bosques y tundras boreales.
- Cuantificar el papel potencial de las turberas en la compensar la pérdida de carbono regional.
Principales métodos:
- Metanálisis de 735 observaciones pareadas de 93 estudios de calentamiento boreal.
- Investigaciones mecanicistas utilizando dos experimentos de calentamiento a largo plazo en turberas finlandesas.
- Análisis de la respuesta metabólica de Sphagnum, la descomposición microbiana y la protección de la materia orgánica del suelo.
Principales resultados:
- El calentamiento mejora la acumulación de carbono en el suelo de las turberas boreales de Sphagnum.
- Esto contrasta con la pérdida de carbono inducida por el calentamiento en bosques y tundras boreales.
- El aumento de la productividad de Sphagnum y la reducción de la descomposición impulsan la ganancia de carbono en las turberas.
Conclusiones:
- Las turberas de Sphagnum actúan como sumideros de carbono bajo el calentamiento, a diferencia de los bosques y las tundras.
- Esta secuestración de carbono en las turberas puede compensar una pérdida significativa de carbono boreal.
- Las turberas de Sphagnum son vitales para mitigar los impactos del cambio climático en la región boreal.
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