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Explotación láctea caprina en la meseta iraní desde el séptimo milenio a.C
Emmanuelle Casanova1,2, Hossein Davoudi3,4, Antoine Zazzo5
1Bioarchéologies Interactions Sociétés Environnements, UMR7209 CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. emmanuelle.casanova@lsce.ipsl.fr.
Nature human behaviour
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
Los productos lácteos de oveja y cabra fueron utilizados por las comunidades pastoriles de Zagros a partir del séptimo milenio a.C. Este descubrimiento, basado en el análisis de cerámica y cálculo dental, revela la explotación láctea temprana en el suroeste de Asia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueología
- Paleoproteómica
- Producción Láctea Antigua
Sus antecedentes:
- El suroeste de Asia es una región clave para la domesticación de animales y el desarrollo del pastoralismo.
- Las montañas Zagros se identifican como un centro principal para la domesticación de cabras y la propagación del agropastoralismo.
- La explotación temprana de leche por parte de las comunidades pastoriles de Zagros no se comprende bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la explotación temprana de leche de rumiantes en las montañas Zagros.
- Determinar el cronograma y el alcance del uso de productos lácteos por parte de las comunidades pastoriles neolíticas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de residuos de lípidos en vasijas de cerámica.
- Análisis de residuos de proteínas en el cálculo dental humano.
- Espectros faunísticos y datación por radiocarbono de residuos lácteos.
Principales resultados:
- Se detectaron productos lácteos caprinos (ovejas y cabras) en cerámica y cálculo dental.
- Explotación generalizada de productos lácteos de ovejas y cabras en Zagros a partir del séptimo milenio a.C.
- Explotación sincrónica de leche de ganado en Anatolia durante el mismo período.
Conclusiones:
- Las comunidades neolíticas en Zagros y Anatolia exhibieron patrones complejos y paralelos de uso temprano de leche de rumiantes.
- Esto indica un desarrollo independiente pero sincrónico en la difusión de estilos de vida agropastoriles.
- Los hallazgos resaltan el papel significativo de los productos lácteos en las estrategias de subsistencia humanas tempranas.
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