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Manejo de la agitación por encefalopatía por amoxicilina: reporte de un caso
Rafet Yarimoglu1, Saliha Yarimoglu2
1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey. drrafety@gmail.com.
Acta neurologica Belgica
|February 9, 2026
Resumen
Los medicamentos antimicrobianos pueden causar efectos neurológicos secundarios. Un paciente desarrolló psicosis aguda después de la amoxicilina, lo que resalta la necesidad de considerar los antibióticos en los diagnósticos diferenciales del delirio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Farmacología
- Psiquiatría
Sus antecedentes:
- Los medicamentos antimicrobianos se usan ampliamente pero pueden presentarse con efectos secundarios neurológicos o psiquiátricos.
- Las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos, incluidos los efectos sobre el sistema nervioso central, requieren una monitorización cuidadosa del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar un caso de psicosis aguda y delirio secundario a la administración de amoxicilina.
- Enfatizar la importancia de considerar la neurotoxicidad inducida por antibióticos en el diagnóstico diferencial de cambios conductuales agudos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de caso de un paciente varón de 66 años que presenta cambios conductuales agudos después de la amoxicilina.
- Observación clínica, manejo en cuidados intensivos e intervención farmacológica (dexmedetomidina para la agitación).
Principales resultados:
- El paciente presentó trastorno del habla, agresión e inconsciencia después de una sola dosis oral de amoxicilina (1 gramo).
- Los síntomas se resolvieron por completo después de aproximadamente 30 horas de cuidados intensivos, sin recurrencia.
Conclusiones:
- Los efectos neurológicos secundarios inducidos por antibióticos, como la psicosis aguda, deben considerarse en pacientes que presentan delirio o alteración del estado mental.
- El reconocimiento y manejo tempranos son cruciales para la recuperación del paciente y la prevención de complicaciones.
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