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Inhibidores programados de la muerte celular: ¿una nueva esperanza para la terapia del cáncer?
Yuting Zhong1, Yuan Zhang2,3, Lei Cheng2,3
1Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
World journal of surgical oncology
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
Las nuevas vías de muerte celular programada (PCD), más allá de la apoptosis, pueden promover la progresión del tumor al ayudar a la evasión inmune y la metástasis. Los inhibidores dirigidos a estas vías ofrecen nuevas estrategias de terapia contra el cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Múltiples vías de muerte celular programada (PCD), que incluyen necroptosis, piroptosis, ferroptosis, muerte celular por autofagia y cuproptosis, juegan un doble papel en la iniciación y progresión del tumor.
- Si bien inicialmente se estudiaron los efectos anticancerígenos a través de la eliminación de las células tumorales, la evidencia emergente muestra que estas vías de PCD también pueden promover la progresión tumoral.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el doble papel de las nuevas modalidades de PCD en el cáncer.
- Explorar cómo estas vías de muerte celular pueden promover la progresión tumoral bajo condiciones específicas.
- Para resaltar el potencial terapéutico de dirigirse a nuevas vías de PCD.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica reciente sobre las vías de muerte celular programada en el cáncer.
- Análisis de los mecanismos por los cuales las modalidades de PCD influyen en el microambiente tumoral (TME).
- Examen de estrategias terapéuticas emergentes dirigidas a nuevas vías de muerte celular.
Principales resultados:
- Las nuevas vías de PCD pueden promover la progresión tumoral al facilitar la evasión inmune, la diseminación metastásica y la resistencia terapéutica.
- Estos efectos están mediados por la liberación de patrones moleculares asociados al daño (DAMP), lo que lleva a la inflamación y la inmunosupresión.
- Las condiciones específicas de TME y los contextos genéticos dictan si las vías de PCD son anti-tumorigénicas o pro-tumorigénicas.
Conclusiones:
- Dirigirse a nuevas modalidades de muerte celular con inhibidores como la necrostatina-1, el fumarato de dimetilo y la ferrostatina-1 muestra un potencial de traducción en la terapia antitumoral.
- La comprensión de las funciones complejas de las vías de PCD proporciona nuevas perspectivas para mejorar el pronóstico del paciente.
- Una mayor investigación sobre los inhibidores de la PCD podría conducir a nuevas estrategias terapéuticas contra el cáncer.
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