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Un nuevo ecotipo del complejo Anaplasma phagocytophilum en búsqueda de Ixodes fuscipes ticks
María L Félix1, Adriana Santodomingo2, Richard Thomas3
1Laboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay.
Parasites & vectors
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
Un nuevo ecotipo de Anaplasma phagocytophilum (VI) fue identificado en Uruguay, ampliando el conocimiento de esta bacteria transmitida por garrapatas en América del Sur. Se necesita más investigación para comprender su transmisión e implicaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología veterinaria y microbiología veterinaria.
- Enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas.
- Epidemiología molecular y epidemiología molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum es una bacteria transmitida por garrapatas de importancia médica y veterinaria con una eco-epidemiología poco comprendida en América del Sur.
- Este estudio se centra en la detección y caracterización genética de A. phagocytophilum en Uruguay.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar de la primera detección y caracterización genética de Anaplasma phagocytophilum en Uruguay.
- Identificar y definir genéticamente un nuevo ecotipo de A. phagocytophilum en América del Sur.
Principales métodos:
- Colección de búsqueda de garrapatas de Ixodes fuscipes de cinco localidades en Uruguay entre 2017 y 2022.
- Detección de las Anaplasma spp. ADN utilizando la amplificación por PCR del ARN ribosomal 16S (rrs), los genes gltA y groEL.
- Análisis filogenéticos y de distancia genética para caracterizar las secuencias de Anaplasma identificadas.
Principales resultados:
- Anaplasma spp. también conocido como Anaplasma spp. Se detectó ADN en cinco ninfas Ixodes fuscipes de los departamentos de Rivera y Tacuarembó.
- Los análisis filogenéticos confirmaron que las bacterias pertenecen al clado A. phagocytophilum, con secuencias uruguayas que forman un linaje distinto (ecotipo VI) estrechamente relacionado con los ecotipos III y V.
- Los análisis de distancia genética apoyaron el reconocimiento de este nuevo ecotipo.
Conclusiones:
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum se informa por primera vez en Uruguay, con la identificación de un nuevo ecotipo (VI).
- Este hallazgo pone de relieve la influencia de las interacciones locales entre el anfitrión y el vector en la diversidad de A. phagocytophilum en América del Sur.
- Se requieren más estudios para aclarar la ecología, la dinámica de transmisión y la importancia epidemiológica de este nuevo ecotipo.
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