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El plan neuronal de la novedad: una disección metaanalítica de las redes activas y pasivas de procesamiento de la
Ern Wong1, Gianluca Sesso1,2, Irene Sánchez Rodríguez1
1IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Molecular Mind Lab, Lucca, Italy.
Brain and behavior
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
Tanto el procesamiento activo como el pasivo de la novedad comparten una red cerebral central, pero reclutan regiones distintas en función de las demandas cognitivas. Esto pone de relieve cómo el cerebro adapta su arquitectura neuronal para detectar cambios ambientales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La detección de nuevos eventos ambientales es crucial para la supervivencia.
- El procesamiento de la novedad se produce en modo activo (reconocimiento explícito) y pasivo (reorientación de abajo hacia arriba).
- Estos modos difieren en el control de la atención y el compromiso del sistema de memoria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si el procesamiento activo y pasivo de la novedad comparten sustratos neuronales.
- Identificar regiones cerebrales comunes y distintas involucradas en cada modo de procesamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Metaanálisis basado en coordenadas utilizando la estimación de probabilidad de activación (ALE) en estudios de fMRI.
- Análisis de conjunción y sustracción de mapas ALE para comparar sustratos neuronales.
Principales resultados:
- Una red central de respuesta a la novedad incluye los lóbulos temporales mediales (MTL), la circunvolución frontal inferior (IFG) y las regiones frontales mediales.
- El procesamiento activo mostró una mayor convergencia en el giro precentral izquierdo, IFG izquierdo, MTL derecho y áreas frontales mediales.
- El procesamiento pasivo mostró una mayor convergencia en el giro temporal superior izquierdo, el MTL bilateral y el IFG derecho.
Conclusiones:
- El procesamiento activo y pasivo de la novedad utiliza una red neuronal compartida.
- El reclutamiento diferencial de los componentes de la red refleja distintas demandas cognitivas y de atención.
- El cerebro adapta de manera flexible su arquitectura neuronal para procesar eventos nuevos.
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