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Experiencias de trauma y síntomas de TEPT en adolescentes autistas: hallazgos preliminares
Alex Lau-Zhu1,2,3,4, Alice M G Quinton1,5, James Stacey3
1Department of Experimental Psychology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Clinical child psychology and psychiatry
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
Los adolescentes autistas experimentan un trauma psicológico significativo y síntomas de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), a menudo por eventos que no cumplen con los criterios de diagnóstico. La evaluación del trauma en el autismo necesita un enfoque flexible teniendo en cuenta las experiencias individuales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- Psicología Clínica Psicología clínica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El trauma psicológico y el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) están poco investigados en individuos autistas.
- Las diferencias de procesamiento relacionadas con el autismo pueden influir en la percepción del trauma y la presentación de los síntomas del TEPT.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para explorar la experiencia del trauma y los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático en adolescentes autistas.
- Para comparar la presentación de síntomas de trauma y TEPT en adolescentes autistas frente a adolescentes típicamente en desarrollo y expuestos a malos tratos.
Principales métodos:
- Compararon adolescentes autistas (n=30) de entre 10 y 16 años con grupos de desarrollo típico (TD; n=29) y expuestos a malos tratos (n=28).
- Utilizó cuidadores y autoinformes para evaluar la exposición al trauma y los síntomas del TEPT.
- Se examinó si el trauma índice cumplía con el Criterio A del DSM-5 para el diagnóstico de TEPT.
Principales resultados:
- Los adolescentes autistas informaron de una amplia gama de eventos traumáticos, incluidos aquellos que no cumplían con el Criterio A del DSM-5.
- Los adolescentes autistas mostraron tasas significativamente más altas (43-57%) de probable TEPT que los adolescentes con TD (7-32%).
- La severidad y las tasas de síntomas de TEPT en adolescentes autistas fueron comparables a las de los adolescentes expuestos a malos tratos, pero los traumas de índice a menudo diferían en la aplicabilidad de los criterios de diagnóstico.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de mejorar la exposición al trauma y la evaluación de los síntomas del TEPT en adolescentes autistas.
- Una definición flexible de trauma, teniendo en cuenta las experiencias subjetivas y el procesamiento específico del autismo, es crucial para esta población.
- Los primeros resultados sugieren posibles diferencias en la forma en que las personas autistas experimentan y informan sobre el trauma en comparación con los criterios de diagnóstico.
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