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Factores de riesgo asociados con la placenta previa: un estudio coincidente de casos y controles
Hadia Javed1, Ume Habiba1, Umm E Rubab2
1Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, PAK.
Cureus
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La edad materna avanzada, las cesáreas anteriores y la placenta previa previa son factores de riesgo clave para la placenta previa. La identificación temprana de estos riesgos ayuda en el manejo proactivo y mejora los resultados para la madre y el bebé.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- La medicina materno-fetal es una de ellas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La placenta previa, una complicación del embarazo en la que la placenta se implanta en el segmento uterino inferior, está relacionada con riesgos maternos y perinatales significativos.
- La hemorragia anteparto es un signo primario, y es inusual que no ocurra en el tercer trimestre.
- La identificación de los factores de riesgo es crucial para el diagnóstico y la gestión prenatales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar factores de riesgo específicos para la placenta previa dentro de la población local.
- Estratificar a las pacientes prenatales en grupos de alto y bajo riesgo para la placenta previa.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de caso-control realizado en Abbottabad, Pakistán, durante tres meses.
- Se incluyeron 30 mujeres diagnosticadas con placenta previa (grupo de casos) y 60 con localización placentaria normal (grupo de control) a través de ultrasonido después de 32 semanas de gestación.
- Los datos recopilados a través de proforma predefinida; los datos cualitativos analizados utilizando la prueba Chi-cuadrado (p <0,05 significativo).
Principales resultados:
- La edad materna avanzada (>30 años) mostró probabilidades significativamente más altas (OR 3.92).
- La cesárea anterior (OR 6.00), la dilatación y el curetaje (OR 5.20) y las técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA) (OR 3.80) también fueron factores de riesgo significativos.
- Un historial de placenta previa fue el predictor más fuerte de recurrencia (OR 11.0).
Conclusiones:
- Los principales factores de riesgo identificados incluyen edad materna avanzada, cesárea previa, dilatación y curetaje, TRA y placenta previa previa.
- La identificación temprana de estos factores permite a los médicos controlar de manera proactiva a las mujeres de alto riesgo.
- La evaluación y el manejo de riesgos individualizados son vitales para mejorar los resultados maternos y fetales en casos de placenta previa.
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