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Periodontitis molar-incisiva y periodontitis generalizada de grado C: distintas interacciones entre el microbioma y
Camila S Stolf1, Hélvis E S Paz1, Murilo C Paraluppi1
1Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of periodontal research
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La periodontitis generalizada (PerioC-G) y de incisivo molar (PerioC-MIP) de grado C exhiben perfiles microbianos e inflamatorios distintos. Estas diferencias sugieren una etiopatogénesis única y posibles variaciones en la progresión de la enfermedad o en los patrones de susceptibilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Periodontología periodontología.
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La periodontitis molar-incisiva (PerioC-MIP) y la periodontitis generalizada (PerioC-G) de grado C presentan manifestaciones clínicas únicas.
- La etiopatogénesis distinta puede ser la base de estos diferentes fenotipos de periodontitis.
- Comprender estas diferencias es crucial para las estrategias de tratamiento dirigido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para diferenciar entre los fenotipos PerioC-MIP y PerioC-G.
- Para analizar los perfiles metagenómicos subgingival y los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios en el fluido crevicular gingival (GCF).
- Investigar las posibles variaciones en la etiopatogénesis de estas formas de periodontitis.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio comparativo transversal en el que participaron participantes norteamericanos y brasileños.
- Recopilación de líquido crevicular gingival (GCF) y biofilm subgingival (SB) de pacientes con PerioC-MIP, PerioC-G y controles periodontalmente sanos.
- Análisis inmunoenzimático de GCF y secuenciación metagenómica de SB para el contenido bacteriano taxonómico y funcional.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron diferencias significativas en la diversidad alfa y beta de la microbiota subgingival entre los grupos de enfermedades.
- Especies bacterianas específicas como Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans y Streptococcus sanguinis se asociaron con PerioC-MIP.
- PerioC-G mostró enriquecimiento de Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis y otros, con una función de ensamblaje flagelar enriquecida; PerioC-MIP se relacionó con la formación de biofilm de Escherichia coli.
- PerioC-G exhibió niveles más altos de IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-10 en el GCF en comparación con PerioC-MIP.
Conclusiones:
- PerioC-G y PerioC-MIP muestran perfiles taxonómicos distintos y niveles de citoquinas GCF.
- Estos hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que PerioC-G y PerioC-MIP representan diferentes etapas o patrones de susceptibilidad de la periodontitis grado C.
- Una mayor investigación sobre estos distintos fenotipos podría conducir a tratamientos más personalizados para la periodontitis.
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