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Eficacia de las intervenciones de dieta combinada con ejercicio para el control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes

Xiaoyi Huang^1,2, Guihao Huang³, Man Jiang²

¹Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

Las intervenciones de dieta y ejercicio mejoran significativamente el control de la glucosa en sangre en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Este enfoque combinado reduce efectivamente la HbA1c, la glucosa en sangre en ayunas y el peso corporal, mejorando la calidad de vida en general.

Área de la Ciencia:

Endocrinología Endocrinología.
Enfermedades Metabólicas Las enfermedades metabólicas.
Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

El manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) requiere estrategias efectivas para controlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre.
Las modificaciones en el estilo de vida, incluida la dieta y el ejercicio, son terapias fundamentales para la DM2.
Se necesita un análisis sistemático para cuantificar el impacto combinado de la dieta y el ejercicio en los resultados de la DMT2.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar sistemáticamente la eficacia de las intervenciones combinadas de dieta y ejercicio en el control de la glucosa en sangre en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2.
Evaluar el impacto en los marcadores glucémicos, las mediciones antropométricas y la calidad de vida.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en seis bases de datos principales (PubMed, Biblioteca Cochrane, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CNKI) hasta septiembre de 2024.
Se seleccionaron y examinaron los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión predefinidos.
El metanálisis se realizó utilizando Review Manager 5.3, con la calidad de la literatura evaluada a través del Manual Cochrane.

Principales resultados:

Se analizaron dieciséis ECA en los que participaron 7.212 pacientes con DM2.
La combinación de dieta y ejercicio mejoró significativamente la glucosa en sangre en ayunas (MD=-0.39, P=0.02) y la HbA1c (MD=-0.49, P<0.001).
Se observaron reducciones significativas en el peso corporal (MD=-2.47, P=0.04), la masa corporal (MD=-3.64, P<0.001), los triglicéridos (MD=-0.08, P=0.03) y la calidad de vida (MD=3.83, P=0.02).

Conclusiones:

La dieta combinada con la intervención del ejercicio demuestra beneficios significativos para el control de la glucosa en la sangre en la diabetes tipo 2.
La intervención reduce efectivamente los indicadores glucémicos clave (HbA1c, glucosa en ayunas y postprandial) y mejora los parámetros metabólicos.
Se recomienda una duración mínima de intervención de 3-6 meses para una mejora óptima en el control glucémico y los resultados generales de salud para los pacientes con DM2.

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