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Pseudohyperkalemia familiar: Una causa inusual de hiperkalemia artifactual es la pseudohyperkalemia familiar
Megan Rodney1, Kelly Rankin1, Jenny Butler2
1Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Annals of clinical biochemistry
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La pseudohyperkalemia familiar es un trastorno genético raro que causa niveles falsamente elevados de potasio en la sangre debido a factores preanalíticos. El diagnóstico precoz evita tratamientos innecesarios y potencialmente dañinos para la hipercalemia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica clínica es la bioquímica clínica.
- Genética La genética.
- Medicina interna es la medicina interna de las enfermedades.
Sus antecedentes:
- La estricta homeostasis de potasio es vital para la función neuromuscular.
- La hipercaliemia puede poner en peligro la vida, lo que requiere un tratamiento inmediato.
- Los errores preanalíticos pueden conducir a un diagnóstico erróneo y al tratamiento inadecuado de la hipercalemia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la causa de una hipercalemia intermitente inexplicable en un paciente.
- Identificar los factores preanalíticos que contribuyen a los niveles falsamente elevados de potasio.
- Para diagnosticar la pseudohyperkalemia familiar (FP) y su base genética.
Principales métodos:
- Presentación del caso de una mujer de 47 años con hipercalemia intermitente.
- Análisis de muestras de sangre para cambios de potasio dependientes del tiempo y la temperatura.
- Pruebas de un solo gen para el gen *ABCB6*.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente exhibió un aumento significativo dependiente del tiempo y la temperatura en el potasio sanguíneo.
- El análisis genético reveló una variante heterocigótica (c.1123 C>T, p.Arg375Trp) en el gen *ABCB6*.
- Se confirmó el diagnóstico de pseudohyperkalemia familiar (FP).
Conclusiones:
- La pseudohyperkalaemia familiar es una condición autosómica dominante.
- Causa el eflujo de potasio de los glóbulos rojos a temperaturas más bajas, un fenómeno ex vivo.
- El reconocimiento de la FP es crucial para evitar el tratamiento erróneo y la hipokaliemia iatrogénica.
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