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Leptospirosis: Desvelando la amenaza oculta en una región no endémica de la India
Tanu Sagar1, Vrushali Patwardhan1, Anusha Rathi1
1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La seroprevalencia de la leptospirosis fue del 20,6% en casos clínicamente sospechosos en Nueva Delhi. Las pruebas serológicas y PCR combinadas mejoraron el diagnóstico y la clasificación de la leptospirosis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Enfermedades zoonóticas Las enfermedades zoonóticas son enfermedades zoonóticas.
- Microbiología Clínica y Microbiología Clínica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica global significativa causada por Leptospira.
- Los síntomas no específicos complican el diagnóstico clínico, lo que lleva a la subnotificación, especialmente en áreas no endémicas.
- La falta de conciencia y las herramientas de diagnóstico dificultan la detección temprana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar la seroprevalencia de la leptospirosis en pacientes clínicamente sospechosos en un hospital de atención terciaria de Nueva Delhi.
- Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica de la PCR en la orina y el plasma de pacientes anti-leptospira IgM positivos.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio observacional retrospectivo incluyó a 2181 pacientes clínicamente sospechosos desde enero de 2023 hasta diciembre de 2024.
- La seroprevalencia de las IgM antileptospira se determinó mediante ELISA.
- Se analizaron muestras de orina y sangre completa de pacientes seropositivos mediante un ensayo interno de PCR.
Principales resultados:
- De los 2181 pacientes, 448 (20,6%) dieron positivo para el anti-Leptospira IgM.
- La PCR confirmó la leptospirosis en 98 de los 350 (28%) pacientes ELISA-positivos.
- Los criterios modificados de Faine clasificaron el 31,3% como posible y el 54,7% como presunta leptospirosis.
Conclusiones:
- La leptospirosis muestra una seropositividad significativa en casos clínicamente sospechosos en Nueva Delhi, lo que indica su relevancia.
- Las pruebas serológicas y PCR combinadas ofrecen un valor de diagnóstico complementario para una clasificación precisa de los casos.
- El aumento de la conciencia clínica, el acceso al diagnóstico y la detección temprana son cruciales para el control de la leptospirosis en entornos urbanos.
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